TRACTOR SYSTEMS AND CONTROL
AE 601
Lecture : 3 Year : III
Tutorial : 1 Part : I
Practical : 2
Course Objective:
After studying the course, the student shall be able
to:
·
Understand
tractor developing patterns and principles.
·
Apply
appropriate engineering principles, concepts, theories, definitions, laws,
models and patterns to understand and present tractor control systems in a
clear and logical form.
·
Apply
knowledge and understanding of power transmission and control in familiar and
unfamiliar situations of tractor application.
·
Analyze
the result of experiments accurately and clearly, draw conclusion and make
generalization from experiment, and
·
Appreciate
the scientific, social, economic, environmental and technological contributions
and applications of tractor.
1. Tractor as Source
of Mechanical Farm Power [3
hours]
1.1. History of
Development of Tractors
1.2. Classification of
Tractors
1.3. Essential Features
of Farm Tractors
1.4. Ranges and
Availability in the Country
1.5. Tractor Selection
Criteria
2. Systems and
Controls in Farm Tractors
2.1 Types of Power Transmission [3
hours]
2.1.1 Two and Four Wheeled Drive
2.1.2 Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Drives
2.2.3 Design Principles for Power Transmission
2.2 Clutch System [2
hours]
2.2.1 Purpose and Types
2.2.2 Principle of operation
2.2.3 Functional Requirements
2.2.4 Design Parameters and Procedure
2.3 Gear Box [3
hours]
2.3.1 Purpose and Types
2.3.2 Principle of Operation
2.3.3 Functional Requirements
2.3.4 Design Parameters and Procedure
2.4 Differential and Final Drive [2
hours]
2.4.1 Purpose and Types
2.4.2 Principle of Operation
2.4.3 Functional Requirements
2.4.4 Design Parameters and Procedure
2.5 Steering System [2
hours]
2.5.1 Purpose and Types
2.5.2 Principle of Operation
2.5.3 Components Involved in Mechanical
Steering
2.5.4 Functional Requirements
2.5.5 Adjustments: Camber, Caster, Toe-in,
Toe-out, Kingpin Inclination, Tie-Rod Locking
2.5.6 Design Parameters and Procedure in
Reference to Mechanical Steering
2.6 Brake System [2
hours]
2.6.1 Purpose and Types
2.6.2 Principle of Operation
2.6.3 Functional Requirements
2.6.4 Design Parameters and Procedures
2.7 Hydraulic System [3
hours]
2.7.1 Purpose and Types
2.7.2 Hydraulic Circuit Symbols
2.7.3 Principle of Operation
2.7.4 Functional Requirements
2.7.5 Design Parameters and Procedures (Pump,
Motor and Cylinder)
2.7.6 Automatic Position and Draft Controls
2.8 Auxiliary Power Transmission and Power
Outlets [2 hours]
2.8.1 P.T.O. System
2.8.2 Belt, Pulley and Drawbar - functional
requirements and design parameters
2.8.3 Special Power Drives for Front and Side
Mounted Implements
3. Traction and
Traction Theory [4
hours]
3.1 Mechanics of a Rigid Wheel (Traction and
Towed)
3.2 Construction of Tractor Tyre
3.3 Inflation Pressure
3.4 Theoretical Soil Thrust on Traction Device
3.5 Rolling Resistance and Travel Reduction
3.6 Coefficient of Traction and Tractive
Efficiency
3.7 Tractive Effort, Rim Pull, Drawbar Pull
3.8 Traction Parameters and Design of Traction
Device
3.9 Traction Aids and Wheel Ballasting - types
and selection criteria
3.10 Soil Compaction in Tillage and Traction
4. Mechanics of
Tractor Chassis [4
hours]
4.1 Static and Dynamic Forces Acting on
Tractor Chassis
4.2 Location of Center of Gravity and Moment
of Inertia
4.3 Static Equilibrium Analysis
4.5 Analysis for Maximum Achievable Drawbar
Pull
4.6 Longitudinal Stability and Stability at
Turns
5. Tractor Hitching [3
hours]
5.1 Terminology Used in Tractor Hitching
5.2 Types: Single Axis Hitching, Two-Axes
Hitching, Automatic Hitching
5.3 Weight Transfer and Stability
5.4 Break-away Principle and Other Safety
Devices
6. Power Tiller [4
hours]
6.1 Purpose
and Types
6.2 Range
and Availability
6.3 Control
Systems of Power Tillers
7. Ergonomic
Principles in Tractor Design [3
hours]
7.1 Human Factors in Tractor Design
7.2 Human Tolerance to Temperature, Noise and
Vibration
7.3 Design of Operators' Seat, Controls and
Control Panel
8. Tractor Testing [3
hours]
8.1 Introduction and Purpose
8.2 Tractor Test Codes
8.4 Engine and Drawbar Performance at Full and
Part Load
8.5 Performance Data of Major Makes and Models
of Tractors Used in Nepal
9. Economics of
Tractor Use [2
hours]
Practical
1. Dissembling and
Assembling of Clutch System, Components Involved and Maintenance Operation (One
practical)
2. Dissembling and
Assembling of Gear Box, Components Involved and Maintenance Operation (One
practical)
3. Dissembling and
Assembling of Differential and Final Drive, Components Involved and Maintenance
Operation (Two practical)
4. Dissembling and
Assembling of Steering System, Components Involved and Adjustments of Camber,
Caster, Toe-in and Toe-out (Two practical)
5. Dissembling and
Assembling of Brake System, Components Involved and Maintenance Operation (One
practical)
6. Dissembling and
Assembling of Hydraulic System, Components Involved and Maintenance Operation
(One practical)
7. Study on Wheel
Parameters and Ballasting in Farm Tractors (One practical)
8. Hitching of
Mounted, Semi-Mounted and Trailed Type Farm Implements and Stability Analysis
(Two practical)
9. Study on Control
Systems of Power Tillers (One practical)
Tutorials
Tutorial classes
shall be devoted to design problem solving on:
a) Gear Box
b) Differential and
Final Drive
c) Steering System
d) Brake System
e) Hydraulic System
f)
Hitch
System
References:
1. Tractors and their
Power Units by J. B. Liljedahl, W. M. Carleton, P. K. Turnquist and D. W.
Smith. John Wiley & Sons, New York
2. Goering, Carroll E.
and Alan C. Hansen. 2004. Engine and Tractor Power, 4th edition,
ASABE, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA.
3. Test Codes of
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi for Agricultural Implements, I.C. Engines
and Tractors.
4. Soil Dynamics in
Tillage and traction (US Hand Book) by Gill and Vandenberg.
5. Power Hydraulics by
Michael J. Pinches and John G. Ashby. Prentice Hall International (U. K.) Ltd.
6. Tractors and
Crawlers by Irving Frazee and V.E. Philip.
7. Design of
Automotive Engines by Kolchin and Demidov.
Evaluation Scheme
The questions will cover all the chapters in the
syllabus. The evaluation for the final theory examination is indicated as
follows:
|
Chapter
|
Hours
|
Marks
Distribution*
|
|
1
|
3
|
10
|
|
2.1
|
3
|
|
|
2.2
|
2
|
10
|
|
2.3
|
3
|
|
|
2.4
|
2
|
10
|
|
2.5
|
2
|
|
|
2.6
|
2
|
|
|
2.7
|
3
|
10
|
|
2.8
|
2
|
|
|
3
|
4
|
20
|
|
4
|
4
|
|
|
5
|
3
|
|
|
6
|
4
|
10
|
|
7
|
3
|
|
|
8
|
3
|
10
|
|
9
|
2
|
|
|
Total
|
45 Hours
|
80
|
* There may be minor deviation in marks
distribution.
Ø
The
questions setting should be in the multiplication of either 8 or 10.
Source:- Department of Agricultural Engineering
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