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Public Service Commission Commission (PSC), Nepal Agriculture Research Council Examination conducted on 2080/08/17.

This is the first paper, time is 45 minutes and full marks is 100. Each question carry the 2 marks.

Subject: Agriculture Research Development

Objective questions with their solution asked on NARC (Nepal examination 2080 for the post of T-6 Technical officer Pomology, Olericulture, Agri Engineeing.

A) to enhance dairy production

B) to improve horticulture practice

C) to increase rice and wheat productivity

D) to promote organic farming

A) 4.0 and 8.0

B) 7.0 and 9.0

C) 5.5 and 7.0

D) 2.3 and 9.3

A) 1981

B) 1983

C) 1989

D) 1991

A) 2017

B) 2018

C) 2019

D) 2020

A) Selection of least cost

B) Enterprise mix

C) Level of resource use

D) All of the above

A) solve the farmers' problems

B) increase crop productivity

C) develop improved varieties

D) All of the above

A) Reading

B) Hearing

C) Seeing

D) Both B and C

A) 2010

B) 2012

C) 2014

D) 2016

A) 26°22′-30°27′ latitude, 80°4′-88°12′ longitude

B) 25°20′-29°37′ latitude, 80°6′-85°10′ longitude

C) 26°20′-30°22′ latitude, 80°6′-84°12′ longitude

D) 24°22′-28°27′ latitude, 82°4′-86°12′ longitude

A) International trade of agricultural products

B) Agricultural policies and regulations

C) Market research for agricultural products

D) Promoting agricultural research and development

A) Promoting organic farming exclusively

B) Enhancing crop diversification

C) Achieving food self-sufficiency

D) Developing large scale agro industries

A) Year of manufacture

B) Grain color

C) Manufacturing/processing plant

D) Moisture percentage in grain

A) Cotton, Sorghum

B) Rice, Jute

C) Chilli, Tomato

D) Sugarcane, beat

A) Mango

B) Banana

C) Mandarin

D) Apple

A) Clean Energy for Agriculture Program

B) Climate-Resilient Agriculture Program

C) Green Revolution Program

D) Rapid Urbanization Program

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Methane

C) Sulphur hexafluoride

D) Chlorofluorocarbons

A) Decrease crop yield due to excessive chemical use

B) Increase dependence on imported crops

C) Enhanced crop yields through the adoption of improved varieties and practices

D) Indiscriminate deforestation

A) By promoting large scale deforestation

B) By using advanced irrigation methods and crop-rotation

C) By encouraging monoculture farming

D) By depleting soil nutrient rapidly

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Methane

C) Nitrous oxide

D) All of the above

A) Livestock production

B) Horticulture

C) Paddy cultivation

D) Fishery

A) ADS vision paper

B) National seed vision paper

C) APP vision paper

D) All of the above

A) 17

B) 23

C) 35

D) 42

A) 1990 to 2010

B) 1995 to 2015

C) 2000 to 2015

D) 2005 to 2020

A) 500-1000m from msl

B) 1000-1500m from msi

C) 1500-2000m from msl

D) 2000-3000m from mst

A) Extension personnel

B) Concerned stakeholders

C) End users

D) All of the above

A) IFPRI

B) CIP

C) ICRISAT

D) China

A) Philippines

B) Mexico

C) India

D) China

A) 2055

B) 2059

C) 2069

D) 2079

A) CIAT

B) CIMMYT

C) ICRISAT

D) IITA

A) problem of road networks

B) problem of electricity

C) narrow terraces

D) all of the above

A) Mirex X

B) Dimethoate

C) Phorate

D) Aldrion

A) Epilachnene beetle

B) Aphelinus mali

C) Tiger beetle

D) Mycorrhizae

A) To increase agricultural production and productivity

B) Developing the foundations of a commercial and competitive agricultural system

C) Conservation, promotion and utilization of natural resources, environment and biodiversity

D) To enhance the value chain of agricultural products

A) 1975 AD

B) 1977 AD

C) 1979 AD

D) 1981 AD

A) Nepal Agricultural Research Council

B) Universities with agriculture education

C) NGO and Private sectors

D) All of the above

A) FY 2075/76-FY 2079/80

B) FY 2076/77 - FY2080/81

C) FY 2077/78-FY 2081/82

D) None of the above

A) Triazines

B) Carbamates

C) Organochlorines

D) Organophosphates

A) Golden delicious

B) HRMN 99

C) Red delicious

D) Anna

A) Mango

B) Mandarin

C) Apple

D) Banana

A) 1965 AD

B) 1975 AD

C) 1985 AD

D) 1995 AD

A) Acetochlor

B) Azadirachtin

C) Metaldehyde

D) Mancozeb

A) Control

B) Randomization

C) Replication

D) None of the above

A) Carbon dioxide

B) Carbon monoxide

C) Nitric acid

D) Methane

A) Cooperation and people participation

B) Indigenous knowledge

C) Principle of grass root level organization

D) All of the above

A) 1974 AD

B) 1975 AD

C) 1976 AD

D) 1977 AD

A) Mt. Everest and Simara

B) Mt. Everest and Rajbiraj

C) Mt. Everest and Bankatiya

D) Mt. Everest and Kechana

A) 4%

B) 5%

C) 6%

D) 7%

A) Paddy

B) Wheat

C) Millet

D) Maize

A) Ginger

B) Cardamom

C) Cinnamon

D) Chilly

A) BIB Design

B) Completely Randomized Design

C) Randomized Block Design

D) None of the above

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Questions asked on  Open Competitive Written Examination for Agricultural Engineer (Seventh class officer) post of Agricultural Engineering, vacancy announced by Province Public Service Commission,  Bagmati Province Nepal in 2023. Service related questions consisting that written exam was held on 2079/10/20 BS. Total full marks was 100 and exam was of 3 hours. 

प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग
बागमती प्रदेश
कृषि सेवा, एगृ.इन्जिनियरिङ समूह, सातौ तह, कृषि इन्जिनियर पदको खुला प्रतियोगितात्मक लिखित परीक्षा २०७९
परीक्षा मितिः २०७९/१०/२०

पत्र: द्वितीय
पूर्णाङ्क: १००
विषयः सेवा सम्बन्धी
समयः ३ घण्टा

निम्न प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर Section अनुसार छुट्टाछुट्टै उत्तरपुस्तिकामा लेख्नु पर्नेछ, अन्यथा उत्तरपुस्तिका रद्द हुनेछ ।

Section - A: Soil and water conservation [20 Marks]


1. Briefly describe the different methods of canal design. An irrigation channel is to be constructed in course alluvium gravel with 5mm particle size. The channel has to carry 2.8 cumees of discharge and the longitudinal slope is 0.01. The bank of the channel will be protected by grass against scoring. Find the minimum width of channel. [6+4]

2. Describe soil erosion. Explain in detail about the various soil conservation programs undertaken in Nepal. [10]

Section B : Farm machinary [30 Marks]


3. What is power tiller? Describe its utility with various possible attachment suitable for different ecological zone of Nepal. [2+3]

4. What are the weed control measures? Explain the operating principle of compression sprayer. [2+3]

5. List the rice harvesting technologies adopted by Nepalese farmers. Explain the combine harvester with its components with a neat sketch. [10]

6. What are the functions of tillage operation? How the zero tillage is different from minimum tillage? Also name the machineries used for minimum tillage practice. [4+4+2]

Section - C: Post harvest Technology [20 Marks]


7. Explain the importance of grain drying. Explain a continuous type of grain dryer with a neat sketch. [10]

8. Why cold storage is important? describe in brief the working principle of a cold storage unit. [5+5]

Section - D: Others [30 Marks]


9. Define the following with example:[5]
     a. Renewable energy
     b. Non-renewable energy

10. Explain the importance of surface and subsurface drainage in Terai Region of Nepal. What are the challenges of irrigation development in Nepal? [3+2]

11. What are the general requirements for a sheep or goat housing? Mention the types of housing and explain about any one type with a layout diagram. [4+6]

12. What is a farmstead? What are the principal factors which govern the location of the farmstead? [10]

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कृषि तथा वन विज्ञान विश्वविद्यालय

सेवा आयोग

उपप्राध्यापक पदको खुला प्रतियोगितात्मक लिखित परिक्षा

२०७८/०६/०४

समय: २ घण्टा ३० मिनेट                                                                               पूर्णांक: ४०

बिषय: Agri-Engineering

Answer the following questions in separate answer sheets for each section,

Section-A

Write Short Answer (8×2.5=20)

1.       What are the key differences in the primary and secondary tillage tools?

2.       In what ways land levelling and grading integrated with land consolidation would help improving efficiency opportunity for farm mechanization in Nepal?

3.       How does crop-livestock-forestry inter-linkages in Nepal’s hill farming system produce symbiotic relationship?

4.       What are meaning and significances of erosivity, erodibility and soil loss tolerance?

5.       What is farmstead planning? What are the key considerations in the planning of commercial farms?

6.       How is improvement in water application efficiency crucial to improving overall. Efficiency in the irrigation projects in Nepal?

7.       What are active and passive uses of solar energy in agriculture? How does a solar crop dryer work?

8.       What are the key reasons for lower water application efficiency in Nepal’s irrigated agricultural system?

 

Write Long Answer (2×5=10)

9.       What strategy of agricultural mechanization would be worth pursuing in Nepal to modernize agriculture considering smaller landholding size of large section of farmer producers, their subsistence agricultural practices, country’s physiographic diversity and current trend of feminization of farm operations due to migration of youths in search of jobs outside the country?

 

10.   How would investment in groundwater irrigation catalyse year round irrigation development in Nepal’s Terai region? What are key advantages of investment on promoting conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in large surface irrigation systems in the country?

 

Section-B

Write Long Answer (2×5-10)

11.   How is integration of teaching, research and technology transfer valued in agricultural education in Agricultural and Forestry University? How are these three functions integrated into the functioning of the university?

12.   कृषि तथा वन विज्ञान विश्वविद्यालयमा बिषय समितिको गठन कसरी हुन्छ ? गठन बिधि उल्लेख गर्दै यसका कार्यहरू लेख्नुहोस् ।

The End

 

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Date: 2079/08/21
Time: 3hrs 
Full marks: 100
Subject: Technical Subject
Write the answer of following questions on the sectionwise separate sheet. 

Section -A
1. What is Land levelling? Why is it important in lowland rice cultivation? How can you get the agricultural land levelled? [10]

2. Find the normal depth of flow in rectangular channel having side slopes of 2H:1V with bottom width of 3m and discharge of 12m³/sec consider the bed slope of 1:200 and manning's coefficient of 0.013. [10]

Section - B
3. What are the common types of nozzles used in a Knap sack sprayer? Describe the spraypatterns of each nozzle type and its application. [5]

4. What is a reaper? Name various types of reapers. [5]

5. List the inspection points and maintenance that to be carried out daily before operation of the power teller. Similarly list the maintenance in included in periodic maintenance. [5+5=10]

6. Describe the different type of seed and fertilizer metering mechanism in a drill. Write the procedure for calibrating seed cum fertilizer drill. [4+3+3=10]

Section - C
7. What are the difference between thin layer drying and deep bed drying of grains? [10]

8. What is difference between Refrigeration and air conditioning? Write the principle of cold storage design. [4+6=10]

Section - D
9. Explain in detailed about the different types of dairy ban with functional components and equipment involved. [10]

10. Define green roads. Draw plan and elevation of a typical septic tank of a farm house having a family of four members. [2+8=10]

11. Put your opinion how, Green Road Approach is a sustainable way of construction rural roads that considers both environment and economic aspects. Explain what type of water supply system is more suitable for rural community? [3+2=5]

12. What are the selection criteria of electric motor in the farm? Write the operating principle of AC motor in brief. [3+2=5]

------*The End*-------



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 HIGHLIGHTS or Main points of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

Useful for objective / MCQ question of any related exam like PSC, GATE, IOE entrance.
  • Hydrology is the science, which deals with the occurrence, circulation and distribution of the water and earth's atmosphere.
  • Sun is the source of energy for the hydrologic cycle. The area of land draining into a stream or a watercourse at a given location is called catchments area.
  • All forms of water that reach the earth from the atmosphere is known as precipitation. The magnitude of precipitation varies with time and space.
  • The net precipitation at a place and its form depend upon a number of metrological factors. tropical cyclone, also called cyclone in India, hurricane in USA and typhoon in South- East Asia.
  • The centre of storm is called eye.
  • The precipitation is collected and measured in a rain gauge. Mass curve of rainfall are very useful in extracting the information on the duration and magnitude of a storm.
  • Intensity of storm decreases with increase in storm duration. The parts of precipitation, which infiltrates and moves laterals through upper layer of soil and meets to stream is called inter flow.
  • The rate of evaporation is proportional to the difference between the saturation vapour pressure at the water temperature and actual vapour pressure in the air. Rate of evaporation increases with wind speed upto a critical speed.
  • Energy-budget method is an application of the law of conservation of energy.
  • The maximum rate at which a given soil at a given time can absorb water is defined the infiltration capacity.
  • Average infiltration rate is called infiltration index.
  • Wire gauge is used to measure the water-surface elevation from above the surface.
  • Dilution method of flow measurement depends upon continuity principle.
  • A perennial stream is one which always carries some flow.
  • An intermittent stream has limited contribution to the ground water.
  • An ephemeral stream is one, which does not have any base flow contribution. The flow-duration curve is also known as discharge -frequency curve.
  • The total catchments area of all the rivers in India is approximately 30.5 million square kilometres.
  • Minor catchments have an area less than 2000 square kilometre. Medium catchments have an area between 2000 to 20000 square kilometre.
  • Large catchments have an area greater than 20000 square kilometre.
  • The missing data of rainfall can be computed by hydrology budget method. Flood hydrograph is useful for analyzing the stream characteristics.
  • The time interval between centre of mass of rainfall to the centre mass of hydrograph is called as lag time!
  • S-curve is also known as S-hydrograph.
  • S-hydrograph is a hydrograph produced by a continuous effective rainfall at a rate for an infinite period.
  • The limiting case of a unit hydrograph of zero duration is known as instantaneous unit hydrograph
  • An imaginary surface representing the artesian pressure in artesian aquifer is called piezometric surface.
  • The hydrostatic pressure within artesian aquifer is some times greater enough to cause the water to rise in a well.
  • The hydraulic resistance is also called reciprocal leakage factor. The vc ume leakage factor of semi-pervious layer generally ranges between 100 to 40,000000 min.
  • High value of leakage factor indicates a greater resistance of the semi-pervious strata to flow as compared to the resistance of strata itself.
  • Low head water lifts are suitable when the depth to water surface does not exceed 1.2 meter
  • Medium head lifts are suitable when the height of lift is within the range of 1.2 to 10 meters.
  • The height of high head lift is above the 10 meter.
  • Specific speed is often used as an index to the operating characteristics of pump. The part of rainfall, which enters the stream immediately after the rainfall, is called surface runoff.
  • That portion of rainfall which first leaches into the soil and moves laterally without joining the water table, to the stream is known as subsurface runoff.
  • Ratio of total channel length in the watershed to total watershed area is called drainage density.
  • The unit hydrograph method used to compute the direct runoff, is limited to the watershed area of about 5000 square kilometre.
  • The top 30 cm soil depth is very useful for the human being and wild life.
  • Accelerated erosion is in excess of geologic erosion Raindrop erosion is also known as splash erosion.
  • The soil may splash into the air up to a height of 50 to 70 cm depending upon size of raindrop.
  • Splash erosion is caused by impacting the raindrop.
  • Uniform removal of soil in the form of a thin layer by the flowing of water from a given width of slopping land is called sheet erosion.
  • Gully erosion is the advance and last stage of water erosion.
  • In other words gully erosion is the advance stage of rill erosion.
  • Glacial erosion is found where mean temperature is below zero degree Celsius. Photogenic erosion is the destruction of soil, caused by plants root system.
  • Zoogenic erosion is caused by animals.
  • Anthropogenic erosion is associated with the activities of human beings.
  • The annual soil loss from 0.05 to 0.5 mm depth or 0.5 to 5 cubic meters per hectare is count as week erosion.
  • In medium erosion the annual soil loss ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mm of soil depth or 5 to 15 cubic meters per hectare per year.
  • The range of soil loss in serious erosion varies from 1.5 to 5 mm of soil depth or 15 to 50 cubic meters per hectare per year.
  • The rates of extent of gully development are closely related to the amount and velocity of runoff water.
  • U-shape gullies are generally found in the alluvial plains.
  • V-shape gullies are often developed where the subsoil are tough to resist the rapid cutting of soil by runoff flow.
  • Drop spillways are used where head drop is 1.2 to 2.4 meter.
  • Chute spillways are used at the locations where head drop is fairly large ranging from 5 to 6 meter.
  • Wind erosion is the process of detachment, transportation and deposition of soil particles by the action of wind. The desert areas are the severely affected by wind erosion problem.
  • Soil erosion due to wind is mainly the result of creation of wind turbulence over the ground surface.
  • Suspension is the movement of very fine soil particles generally less than 0.1 mm in diameter
  • In saltation process, the size range of particles may be from 0.05 to 0.5 mm in diameter. Among the all type of soil movement the saltation is responsible for transporting the maximum amount of soil particles along ground surface by rolling and pushing action which ranges from 55 to 72% of total soil erosion.
  • The size of soil particles associated with surface creep are ranges from 0.5 to 1 or 2 mm in diameter.
  • The extent of total desert in India is about 20.7 Mha
  • Wind breaks and shelter belts are used for control the wind erosion. Erosivity is defined as the potential ability of rain to cause the erosion.
  • Erosivity depends upon the physical characteristics of rainfall include raindrop size distribution, kinetic energy and terminal velocity etc
  • Erodibility is the susceptibility of soil to get erosion.
  • In low rainfall regions the primary purpose of contour cultivation is to conserve the rain water into the soil as much as possible.
  • In humid regions the basic purpose of contour cultivation to reduce the soil erosion by retarding the overland flow.
  • Terracing is the engineering soil conservation practice, used to control the soil erosion in highly slopped areas.
  • Bench type terraces are generally constructed on the land of 6 to 33% slope.
  • Graded terrace is also known as channel type terrace.
  • Level terraces are constructed for conserving the moisture and controlling soil erosion.
  • Level terraces are also known as conservation terraces.
  • The conservation terraces are normally, found most suitable where rainfall is low and land slope is less than 6 percent.
  • Bunding is used for retaining the water, creating obstruction and thus to control erosion.
  • Bunding practices are found most suitable for the land having the slope ranges from 2 to 10 %.
  • Contour bunding is not technically feasible on the land slopes greater than 6 percent.
  • Graded bunding used in the area having rainfall greater than 700 mm per year.
  • Pipe culverts are used for very small drainage works.
  • Box culverts are preferred for the construction, especially in loose soil condition and for larger spans
  • Box culvert can be used for a single span of 3 meter for a double span of 6 meter width.
If it need any correction, please feel free to leave a comment.
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 लोक सेवा आयोग

नेपाल कृषि सेवा, एगृ इञ्जिनियरिङ्ग समूह,

राजपत्राङ्कित तृतीय श्रेणी (प्राविधिक) पदको प्रतियोगितात्मक लिखित परीक्षा २०७७

पत्रः- द्वितीय

विषय:- Technical Subject

समय- ३ घण्टा

पूर्णाङ्रः- १००

निम्न प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर Section अनुसार छुटाछुट्टै उत्तरपुस्तिकामा लेख्नुपर्नेछ, अन्यथा उत्तरपुरितका रद्द हुनेछ ।


Section - A

1. What is land levelling? How is it done for wheat crop in Terai? [10 Marks]

2. Discuss briefly the design principles involved in the design of a strainer of tube wells.[10 Marks]


Section - B

3. Describe briefly the functioning of combine harvester. [5 Marks]

4. What is trans-planter? Name various types of trans-planter. [5 Marks]

5. Name different types of sprayers. Explain any most commonly used sprayers by small farmers in Nepal. [10 Marks]

6. Describe the commonly used tractors for field preparation in Nepal. Also list the advantages and disadvantages of each types of tractors. [10 Marks]


Section - C

7. How can proper postharvest handling reduce the losses of fruit and vegetables? Give a feasible suggestion to reduce the losses in the context of Nepal. [10 Marks]

8. Explain the functioning of seed processing equipment. Also list the advantages and disadvantages. [10 Marks]


Section - D

9. What are green roads? Explain the role of green roads in Nepal. [5 Marks]

10. What is Bio-engineering? Describe various types of Bio-engineering measures. [5 Marks]

11. Define farmstead. Describe the steps and factors that is needed to be considered planning a farmstead. [10 Marks]

12. Explain the different systems of poultry house with diagrams. Suggest suitable model to be adopted in Earthquake context and why? [10 Marks]


««The End»»




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