Himalayan Sustainability Quiz Questions and Answers
Himalayan Sustainability: Quiz Questions and Answers
This page compiles the quiz questions and answers discussed in Himalayan Sustainability course.
1. Quiz 1: Sustainability Basics
1. What does GDI stand for?
A) Global Development Indicator
B) Gender Development Index
C) Gross Domestic Investment
D) General Demographics Index
See answer
Answer: B) Gender Development Index
2. What does the term "Anthropocene" refer to?
A) The study of ancient human civilizations
B) A period marked by significant volcanic activity
C) The Earth's most recent geologic time period influenced by human activity
D) An era characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs
See answer
Answer: C) The Earth's most recent geologic time period influenced by human activity
3. What does HDI stand for?
A) Human Development Index
B) Health and Demographics Indicator
C) Human Dependency Indicator
D) Housing Development Index
See answer
Answer: A) Human Development Index
4. How many planetary boundaries are there?
A) Ten
B) Eight
C) Seven
D) Nine
See answer
Answer: D) Nine
5. What is Doughnut Economics?
A) A theory that promotes unlimited resource consumption
B) A model aiming to meet human needs within the planet's ecological limits
C) An economic model focusing solely on profit maximization
D) An approach that disregards environmental concerns in economic planning
See answer
Answer: B) A model aiming to meet human needs within the planet's ecological limits
6. What year was the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm?
A) 1962
B) 1972
C) 1982
D) 1992
See answer
Answer: B) 1972
7. What are the three pillars of sustainability?
A) Politics, Economics, and Education
B) Environmental Stewardship, Social Equity, and Economic Prosperity
C) Technology, Innovation, and Efficiency
D) Culture, Tradition, and Heritage
See answer
Answer: B) Environmental Stewardship, Social Equity, and Economic Prosperity
8. What is the "Great Acceleration"?
A) A period of swift technological advancements during the 18th century
B) The rapid increase in human activity impacting the Earth since the mid-20th century
C) The acceleration of Earth's rotation due to gravitational forces
D) The rapid growth of the universe after the Big Bang
See answer
Answer: B) The rapid increase in human activity impacting the Earth since the mid-20th century
9. What are the three dimensions of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
A) Population Density, Employment Rates, and Healthcare Access
B) Environmental Quality, Social Freedom, and Economic Growth
C) Technology, Innovation, and Infrastructure
D) Life Expectancy, Education, and Per Capita Income
See answer
Answer: D) Life Expectancy, Education, and Per Capita Income
10. What year was the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro?
A) 1988
B) 1980
C) 2000
D) 1992
See answer
Answer: D) 1992
2. Quiz 2: Environmental Milestones and Global Agreements
This section covers environmental milestones such as Stockholm, Rio, Kyoto, MDGs, SDGs, and the Paris Agreement.
11. What is the Keeling Curve?
A) A chart representing ocean acidity levels
B) A graph showing temperature changes over time
C) CO2 level measurement
D) A measure of global population growth
See answer
Answer: C) CO2 level measurement
12. What was the major environmental event in 1972?
A) Rio Earth Summit
B) Stockholm Conference
C) Kyoto Protocol was signed
D) Earth Day was first celebrated
See answer
Answer: B) Stockholm Conference
13. What is the key concept from "Our Common Future" (1987)?
A) Sustainable Development
B) Population control
C) Biodiversity conservation
D) Environmental justice
See answer
Answer: A) Sustainable Development
14. What was the outcome of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit?
A) Agenda 21
B) The creation of the Millennium Development Goals
C) The Paris Agreement
D) The Kyoto Protocol
See answer
Answer: A) Agenda 21
15. What is Agenda 21?
A) A global action plan for promoting gender equality
B) A legally binding environmental treaty
C) A non-binding sustainable development action plan
D) A policy focused solely on urban development
See answer
Answer: C) A non-binding sustainable development action plan
16. What was the purpose of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol?
A) Eliminate deforestation
B) Promote renewable energy
C) Protect endangered species
D) Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
See answer
Answer: D) Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
17. What were the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?
A) A set of guidelines for environmental conservation
B) A framework for international trade
C) Eight development goals for 2015
D) Six goals to reduce carbon emissions
See answer
Answer: C) Eight development goals for 2015
18. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are there?
A) Ten
B) Seventeen
C) Twenty
D) Twelve
See answer
Answer: B) Seventeen
19. What is the significance of the Paris Agreement (2015)?
A) To limit global warming
B) To establish a global ban on plastic
C) To protect endangered species
D) To promote economic growth
See answer
Answer: A) To limit global warming
20. What is the goal of SDG 13?
A) Climate action
B) Reduce inequality
C) Ensure quality education
D) Protect marine life
See answer
Answer: A) Climate action
3. Quiz 3: Hindu Kush Himalaya and Regional Sustainability
This section covers sustainability issues in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, including biodiversity, water security, and vulnerability.
21. What does SANDEE stand for?
A) South American Network for Disaster and Environmental Economics
B) Southeast Asian Network for Development and Environmental Ethics
C) South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics
D) South African Network for Development and Economic Equity
See answer
Answer: C) South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics
22. What are the main sustainability challenges in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region?
A) Overpopulation, deforestation, and industrial pollution
B) Climate change, disasters, pollution (air/waste/plastic)
C) Urbanization, loss of biodiversity, and overfishing
D) Soil erosion, water scarcity, and desertification
See answer
Answer: B) Climate change, disasters, pollution (air/waste/plastic)
23. How many countries are included in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region?
A) Six countries
B) Five countries
C) Eight countries
D) Ten countries
See answer
Answer: C) Eight countries
24. What percentage of the rural population in the HKH depends on biodiversity for subsistence?
A) 60-85%
B) 40-60%
C) 30-50%
See answer
Answer: A) 60-85%
25. What is a significant issue caused by the forces of climate change in the HKH?
A) Increased agricultural yields
B) Wiping out resources, communities, and cultures
C) Growth in tourism
D) Expansion of forested areas
See answer
Answer: B) Wiping out resources, communities, and cultures
26. What are some impacts of climate change on water security in the HKH region?
A) Stabilization of river flows
B) Water scarcity, floods, rapid melting of glaciers
C) Decreased rainfall variability
D) Increased groundwater levels
See answer
Answer: B) Water scarcity, floods, rapid melting of glaciers
27. What is the main consequence of waterlogging in urban areas?
A) Improved water quality
B) Enhanced groundwater recharge
C) Increased risk of flooding
D) Increased agricultural productivity
See answer
Answer: C) Increased risk of flooding
28. What is one key reason our progress (SDGs, GDP growth) is considered unsustainable?
A) Reduction in energy consumption
B) Stabilization of global temperatures
C) Accelerating global warming and climate change
D) Decreasing carbon emissions
See answer
Answer: C) Accelerating global warming and climate change
29. What is one strategy to integrate nature into development plans?
A) Building more industrial zones
B) Employing nature-based solutions
C) Expanding urban infrastructure
D) Increasing fossil fuel consumption
See answer
Answer: B) Employing nature-based solutions
30. Which population group is more susceptible to natural disasters in the HKH region?
A) Women
B) Wealthy landowners
C) Elderly men
D) Children
See answer
Answer: A) Women
4. Quiz 4: Local Development, Nepal, and Design Principles
This section covers local sustainable development, eco-tourism, Nepal’s SDG strategy, permaculture, and people-centric design.
31. What is a key component of promoting local sustainable development?
A) Increasing reliance on imported goods
B) Reducing local biodiversity
C) Expanding urban sprawl
D) Supporting and practicing local initiatives
See answer
Answer: D) Supporting and practicing local initiatives
32. How can eco-tourism contribute to sustainability?
A) By promoting luxury travel packages
B) By focusing on high-impact, short-term tourism growth
C) By reducing greenhouse gas emissions and educating communities and tourists about climate change
D) By increasing the number of tourists in fragile ecosystems
See answer
Answer: C) By reducing greenhouse gas emissions and educating communities and tourists about climate change
33. What does the quintuple bottom line include?
A) Profit, planet, productivity, progress, and people
B) Place, profit, planet, people, purpose
C) Planet, profit, production, processes, and people
D) Purpose, productivity, profit, power, and place
See answer
Answer: B) Place, profit, planet, people, purpose
34. What is Nepal's primary goal in the context of the SDGs by 2030?
A) Reduction in population growth
B) Strengthening military capabilities
C) Economic isolation
D) Accelerated progress towards sustainable development
See answer
Answer: D) Accelerated progress towards sustainable development
35. What is one of the key challenges Nepal faces in achieving the SDGs by 2030?
A) Inadequate global partnerships
B) Political instability
C) Lack of natural resources
D) Overpopulation
See answer
Answer: B) Political instability
36. Which sector is highlighted as crucial for driving progress towards the SDGs in Nepal?
A) Agriculture
B) Defense
C) Technology
D) Healthcare
See answer
Answer: A) Agriculture
37. Nepal’s strategy towards SDGs emphasizes:
A) Military expansion
B) Limiting economic growth
C) Strengthening governance and institutions
D) Reducing foreign aid dependency
See answer
Answer: C) Strengthening governance and institutions
38. What are the guiding principles mentioned in the lecture?
A) Creative green economy, the quintuple bottom line, permaculture principles, and people-centric design
B) Industrial growth, consumer-driven economy, and fossil fuel reliance
C) Free-market capitalism, deregulation, and global trade expansion
D) Technological advancement, urbanization, and resource extraction
See answer
Answer: A) Creative green economy, the quintuple bottom line, permaculture principles, and people-centric design
39. What is permaculture?
A) A method for increasing agricultural yield using chemical fertilizers
B) A strategy for global industrial development
C) A technique for urban planning focused on maximizing construction density
D) A set of ideas promoting sustainable interactions between people and the environment
See answer
Answer: D) A set of ideas promoting sustainable interactions between people and the environment
40. What is people-centric design?
A) An approach that prioritizes the needs, preferences, and experiences of end-users in problem-solving
B) A method for increasing automation in manufacturing
C) A focus on maximizing corporate profits in product design
D) A strategy that prioritizes industrial efficiency over human needs
See answer
Answer: A) An approach that prioritizes the needs, preferences, and experiences of end-users in problem-solving
5. Quiz 5: SDG Interactions and Transformative Impact
This section covers the nature of SDGs, interactions among SDGs, synergies, trade-offs, and analytical approaches.
41. What are the three key characteristics of SDGs mentioned in the UN General Assembly resolution?
A) Global, transformative, and universal
B) Measurable, achievable, and time-bound
C) Economic, social, and environmental
D) Integrated, indivisible, and interlinked
See answer
Answer: D) Integrated, indivisible, and interlinked
42. What are the two main types of SDG interactions mentioned in the lecture?
A) Strong and weak
B) Synergies and trade-offs
C) Positive and negative
D) Direct and indirect
See answer
Answer: B) Synergies and trade-offs
43. Which SDG is mentioned as having synergies across most other SDGs?
A) SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals)
B) SDG 1 (No Poverty)
C) SDG 2 (Zero Hunger)
D) SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production)
See answer
Answer: B) SDG 1 (No Poverty)
44. What is the term used to describe when countries or organizations selectively focus on certain SDGs while ignoring others?
A) SDG implementation
B) SDG prioritization
C) SDG cherry-picking
D) SDG networking
See answer
Answer: C) SDG cherry-picking
45. According to the lecture, what is the main reason for understanding SDG interactions?
A) To rank SDGs in order of importance
B) To simplify the implementation process
C) To identify synergies and trade-offs for better decision-making
D) To reduce the number of goals
See answer
Answer: C) To identify synergies and trade-offs for better decision-making
46. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method for investigating SDG interactions?
A) Random sampling
B) Qualitative analysis
C) Expert judgment
D) Quantitative analysis
See answer
Answer: A) Random sampling
47. What does the term "indirect SDG interactions" refer to?
A) Interactions that are difficult to measure
B) Interactions that occur over a long period of time
C) Interactions between SDG targets within the same goal
D) Interactions between non-adjacent SDGs in a network
See answer
Answer: D) Interactions between non-adjacent SDGs in a network
48. Which of the following is mentioned as a challenge in achieving the SDGs?
A) Lack of international cooperation
B) All of the above
C) Too many goals and targets
D) Insufficient data for monitoring progress
See answer
Answer: B) All of the above
49. What type of analysis is used to show the network of interactions among SDGs in the lecture?
A) Regression analysis
B) Cluster analysis
C) Factor analysis
D) Network analysis
See answer
Answer: D) Network analysis
50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for SDGs having limited transformative impact?
A) Lack of funding
B) Selective implementation
C) Existing priorities
D) Countries not being on track
See answer
Answer: A) Lack of funding
6. Quiz 6: Indicators, Correlation, Bioeconomy, RCPs, and SSPs
This section covers SDG targets, indicator disaggregation, Spearman correlation, bioeconomy, RCPs, and SSP scenarios.
51. How many SDG targets are there according to the Global indicator framework?
A) 232
B) 17
C) 241
D) 169
See answer
Answer: D) 169
52. What is the recommended method for disaggregating SDG indicators?
A) Only by geographic location
B) By various characteristics including income, sex, age, race, etc.
C) No disaggregation is recommended
D) Only by income
See answer
Answer: B) By various characteristics including income, sex, age, race, etc.
53. What does MIC stand for in the context of correlation analysis?
A) Maximal Information Coefficient
B) Multiple Interaction Coefficient
C) Maximal Information Criterion
D) Minimal Interaction Coefficient
See answer
Answer: A) Maximal Information Coefficient
54. What is the range of Spearman's ρ (rho) for a perfect monotonically increasing/decreasing dependence?
A) 0 to 1
B) -1 to 0
C) -1 to 1
D) 0 to 0.5
See answer
Answer: C) -1 to 1
55. What is the threshold used to categorize an interaction as a "Synergy" based on Spearman's ρ?
A) ρ > 0
B) ρ > 0.9
C) ρ > 0.5
D) ρ > 0.7
See answer
Answer: C) ρ > 0.5
56. What is the key difference between correlation and causation?
A) Causation implies correlation
B) There is no difference between correlation and causation
C) Correlation implies causation
D) Correlation indicates a statistical association, while causation implies a direct cause-and-effect relationship
See answer
Answer: D) Correlation indicates a statistical association, while causation implies a direct cause-and-effect relationship
57. What does the term "Bioeconomy" primarily focus on?
A) Maximizing economic growth
B) Increasing industrial production
C) Utilizing renewable biological resources
D) Fossil fuel usage
See answer
Answer: C) Utilizing renewable biological resources
58. What does RCP stand for in climate change scenarios?
A) Regional Climate Projections
B) Relative Climate Predictions
C) Representative Concentration Pathways
D) Reactive Carbon Processes
See answer
Answer: C) Representative Concentration Pathways
59. How many Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) are mentioned in the document?
A) 6
B) 5
C) 4
D) 3
See answer
Answer: B) 5
60. Which SSP scenario represents "Sustainability – Taking the Green Road"?
A) SSP2
B) SSP3
C) SSP4
D) SSP1
See answer
Answer: D) SSP1
7. Quiz 7: Qualitative Research, Systematic Reviews, and Text Mining
This section covers qualitative research, PRISMA, text mining, data extraction, and focus group discussions.
61. What type of research aims to gather and analyze non-numerical data to understand individuals' social reality?
A) Experimental research
B) Quantitative research
C) Mixed-methods research
D) Qualitative research
See answer
Answer: D) Qualitative research
62. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a category of qualitative analysis?
A) Narrative analysis
B) Regression analysis
C) Discourse analysis
D) Content analysis
See answer
Answer: B) Regression analysis
63. What does PRISMA stand for in the context of systematic reviews?
A) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
B) Protocol for Reviewing Important Statistical Methods and Analyses
C) Primary Research In Systematic Meta-Analyses
D) Principal Requirements for Integrating Systematic Methodological Approaches
See answer
Answer: A) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
64. Which technique is used to understand positive or negative connotations in text mining?
A) Sentiment analysis
B) Risk assessment
C) Citation management
D) Topic modeling
See answer
Answer: A) Sentiment analysis
65. What is a semi-structured interview?
A) A written questionnaire
B) A focus group discussion
C) An interview with a rigid set of questions
D) An interview that allows new ideas to be brought up during the conversation
See answer
Answer: D) An interview that allows new ideas to be brought up during the conversation
66. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a Boolean operator in search strategies?
A) MAYBE
B) OR
C) NOT
D) AND
See answer
Answer: A) MAYBE
67. What is the purpose of article screening in systematic reviews?
A) To select relevant articles based on criteria
B) To publish research findings
C) To increase the number of articles
D) To write new articles
See answer
Answer: A) To select relevant articles based on criteria
68. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method for data extraction?
A) Manual data extraction
B) Text mining
C) Statistical regression
D) Topic modeling
See answer
Answer: C) Statistical regression
69. Which of the following is mentioned as a method for analyzing SDG interactions?
A) Both quantitative and qualitative analysis
B) Neither quantitative nor qualitative analysis
C) Only quantitative analysis
D) Only qualitative analysis
See answer
Answer: A) Both quantitative and qualitative analysis
70. What is a focus group discussion?
A) A one-on-one interview
B) A statistical analysis method
C) A data collection technique where a selected group discusses a given topic in-depth
D) A survey method
See answer
Answer: C) A data collection technique where a selected group discusses a given topic in-depth
8. Quiz 8: Development Policy, Investments, and Growth
This section contains the policy, investment, and economic growth quiz. Question 1 was later confirmed from the quiz review as Infrastructure.
71. Which policy area does the presentation emphasize as critical for development?
A) Environment
B) Infrastructure
C) Education
D) Health
See answer
Answer: B) Infrastructure
72. What is the main goal of the investment strategies discussed in the lecture?
A) Short-term profit
B) Quick economic recovery
C) Risk minimization
D) Long-term sustainability
See answer
Answer: D) Long-term sustainability
73. What type of plan is mentioned as being essential for effective policy implementation?
A) Contingency Plan
B) Operational Plan
C) Tactical Plan
D) Strategic Plan
See answer
Answer: D) Strategic Plan
74. Which of the following is NOT a key element of the policy framework discussed?
A) Market monopolization
B) Capacity building
C) Regulatory measures
D) Public-private partnerships
See answer
Answer: A) Market monopolization
75. How does the presentation suggest managing financial risks in investments?
A) Avoiding investment altogether
B) High-risk, high-reward strategies
C) Concentration on one sector
D) Diversification
See answer
Answer: D) Diversification
76. Which demographic is considered critical for the success of development plans?
A) Children
B) Migrants
C) Elderly
D) Working-age population
See answer
Answer: D) Working-age population
77. Which of the following is NOT part of the investment strategies discussed?
A) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
B) Stock market speculation
C) Venture capital
D) Microfinance
See answer
Answer: B) Stock market speculation
78. What is the proposed method for evaluating the success of implemented plans?
A) Short-term financial gains
B) Political approval
C) Media coverage
D) Long-term social impact
See answer
Answer: D) Long-term social impact
79. What is identified as the most significant factor influencing policy success?
A) Funding availability
B) Policy design
C) Political will
D) Public opinion
See answer
Answer: C) Political will
80. What does the lecture highlight as a key driver for economic growth?
A) Private sector investment
B) Government spending
C) Consumer spending
D) Foreign aid
See answer
Answer: A) Private sector investment
9. Quiz 9: Energy, Water, Cities, and Timber Construction
This section contains the 15-question set answered from lecture-style content. These were provided as the most likely answers during the timed quiz.
81. According to the lecture, how many people were without access to electricity in 2022?
A) 854 million
B) 754 million
C) 954 million
D) 654 million
See answer
Answer: B) 754 million
82. How many jobs were there in the renewable energy sector globally in 2021?
A) 8.7 million
B) 10.7 million
C) 12.7 million
D) 14.7 million
See answer
Answer: C) 12.7 million
83. What was the global installed hydropower capacity in 2021?
A) Approximately 997 GW
B) Approximately 1,197 GW
C) Approximately 1,397 GW
D) Approximately 797 GW
See answer
Answer: C) Approximately 1,397 GW
84. How many countries had put some type of renewable energy target in place by the end of 2021?
A) 189
B) 149
C) 129
D) 169
See answer
Answer: D) 169
85. What percentage of climate change mitigation finance went to renewables in 2019/2020?
A) 67%
B) 57%
C) 37%
D) 47%
See answer
Answer: B) 57%
86. According to the IEA scenario, which of the following is NOT one of the main measures to reduce CO2 emissions by 2030?
A) Energy efficiency
B) Nuclear power
C) Carbon capture and storage
D) Renewables
See answer
Answer: C) Carbon capture and storage
87. According to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, which goal specifically addresses water and sanitation?
A) Goal 8
B) Goal 5
C) Goal 3
D) Goal 6
See answer
Answer: D) Goal 6
88. What is the global average water footprint for producing 1 kg of beef?
A) 15 m³
B) 10 m³
C) 20 m³
D) 5 m³
See answer
Answer: A) 15 m³
89. How much water is required to produce one cotton shirt, according to the lecture?
A) 2000 litres
B) 1000 litres
C) 1500 litres
D) 2500 litres
See answer
Answer: D) 2500 litres
90. Which of the following primary energy carriers has the highest global average water footprint per GJ?
A) Hydropower
B) Coal
C) Natural gas
D) Biomass energy
See answer
Answer: D) Biomass energy
91. What is the approximate water footprint for producing one hamburger?
A) 1400 litres
B) 2900 litres
C) 1900 litres
D) 2400 litres
See answer
Answer: D) 2400 litres
92. Which of the following is a major determinant of a water footprint?
A) Geographical location
B) Population size
C) Consumption pattern
D) Political system
See answer
Answer: C) Consumption pattern
93. According to the lecture How much of the world's GDP is produced by cities globally?
A) 85%
B) 65%
C) 75%
D) 95%
See answer
Answer: A) 85%
94. According to the lecture, how much wood is needed for an average detached house?
A) 40 m³
B) 50 m³
C) 70 m³
D) 60 m³
See answer
Answer: D) 60 m³
95. What percentage of annual global CO2 emissions could potentially be offset by timber construction, according to the lecture?
A) Approximately 15-20%
B) Approximately 7-9%
C) Approximately 5-7%
D) Approximately 10-14%
See answer
Answer: D) Approximately 10-14%