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Agricultural Engineering for Sustainable Development (AE 101) – Syllabus

Agricultural Engineering for Sustainable Development

This course offers a holistic introduction to the principles and practices that drive sustainable agriculture, from water management and energy use to post-harvest handling and farm machinery. Dive into each module below to see how we’ll explore the farm-to-fork ecosystem and the role of engineering in achieving global sustainability goals.

This course follows the updated 2025 BE Agricultural Engineering syllabus of Tribhuvan University. It is designed for first-year students in the first semester and carries 2 lecture credits and 1 tutorial credit, with no practical component.

Course Objectives

The course is designed to provide comprehensive concepts of sustainable development, agricultural practices, irrigation practices, energy practices, post-harvest practices, soil and water conservation and farm machinery, fostering a holistic approach from farm to fork and the agro-food ecosystem.

Lecture: 2 | Tutorial: 1 | Practical: 0 | Year: 1 | Part: 1

1. Overview of Sustainable Development (6 hours)

  • 1.1 Introduction and importance of sustainable development
  • 1.2 Three pillars of sustainable development
  • 1.3 Evolution from MDG to SDG
  • 1.4 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and indicators (UN SDGs)
  • 1.5 SDG goals’ linkage with agricultural system and interaction
  • 1.6 The role of agricultural engineering in achieving sustainable development goals
  • 1.7 Application of SDGs in the design and implementation of sustainable projects
  • 1.8 Enabling environment for sustainable agricultural systems

2. Sustainable Agricultural Practices (8 hours)

  • 2.1 Overview of sustainable agriculture and associated practices
  • 2.2 Concept of conservation agriculture and precision farming
  • 2.3 Integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture
  • 2.4 Organic farming practices
  • 2.5 Concept of climate-smart agriculture
  • 2.6 Life cycle assessment of agro-food ecosystem
  • 2.7 Application of LCA to agro-food ecosystems
  • 2.8 Farm-to-fork concept
  • 2.9 Roles of agricultural engineering and associated engineering practices in the farm-to-fork concept
  • 2.10 Concept of permaculture farming

3. Sustainable Irrigation Practices (3 hours)

  • 3.1 Concept of agricultural water management
  • 3.2 Importance of sustainable water management in irrigated agriculture in Nepal
  • 3.3 Efficiencies in irrigation systems from the water management perspective
  • 3.4 Water-saving technologies in irrigated agriculture (drip and sprinkler irrigation)
  • 3.5 Rainwater harvesting and storage for agriculture

4. Sustainable Energy for Agriculture (3 hours)

  • 4.1 Energy use in agriculture processing
  • 4.2 Renewable energy sources for and from agriculture and livestock
  • 4.3 Energy-efficient farming practices in Nepal

5. Sustainable Soil and Water Conservation Practices (4 hours)

  • 5.1 Concept of integrated watershed management plan
  • 5.2 Agroforestry and soil conservation practices for watershed sustainability
  • 5.3 Soil erosion and conservation measures in practice
  • 5.4 Low-cost watershed management practices for sustainable agriculture
  • 5.5 Concept of land use plan and importance of land use planning
  • 5.6 Concept of land fragmentation and land consolidation and its importance in Nepal

6. Sustainable Farm Machinery (3 hours)

  • 6.1 Farm machinery equipment and sustainable agriculture
  • 6.2 Role of machinery in sustainable agriculture
  • 6.3 Energy-efficient farm equipment and practices in Nepal
  • 6.4 Precision farming equipment

7. Sustainable Post-Harvest Practices (3 hours)

  • 7.1 Post-harvest practices for sustainable agriculture
  • 7.2 Post-harvest losses and their impact
  • 7.3 Solar drying and its application
  • 7.4 Low-cost and eco-friendly storage techniques
  • 7.5 Value chain actors and importance of value chain for sustainability of the agro-food ecosystem in Nepal

Tutorial Topics

  1. Case study of local food sustainability practices, focusing on the three sustainability dimensions
  2. Case study on food sustainability analysis
  3. Group work on quantitative or qualitative analysis of sustainability synergies and trade-offs associated with different food options
  4. Case study of sustainable practice in agriculture
  5. Case study on actors from field to plate (farmers, pre- and post-harvesting processors, value chain actors, etc.)

References

  1. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/frameworks
  2. NPC. Sustainable Development Goals: status and roadmap 2016–2030. National Planning Commission, Nepal, 2017.
  3. TP Ojha and AM Michael. Principles of Agricultural Engineering Volume 1 and Volume 2. 12th Edition. Jain Brothers.
  4. Pradhan, P., Costa, L., Rybski, D., Lucht, W., & Kropp, J. P. (2017). A systematic study of sustainable development goal (SDG) interactions. Earth's Future, 5(11), 1169–1179.
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Here are some studying materials for ENGINEERING PHYSICS SH 402 IOE BE first-year first-semester examination. Please click the given link below to study/download these materials.
Syllabus:-
·    IOE BE First Year Syllabus
·    Syllabus - ENGINEERING PHYSICS SH 402 - for TU IOE All BE first year first semester

Books:-
·    Fundamentals of Physics Extended 9th-HQ-Halliday Sulution manual.pdf  
·    Sharma K.K. Optics.. principles and applications .pdf 

 Lecture Notes:-

·   Lecture note on Engineering Physics by Prajwal Narayan Shrestha

·notes on Physics by S. Shrestha-Electrostics.pdf

·    notes on physics S. Shrestha on magnetism.pdf 
·    notes on physis by s shrestha - electricity and magnetism.pdf
·    schrodinger.pdf 

 Guide book/refresher/exam solution:-

·    Engineering Physics IOE TU Questions solutions 2067 to 2071 by Maha Datta Paudel

·Engineering physics guide book/refresher/exam solution for IOE BE first year.pdf
Please do not forgot to share and leave your in the comment box below.
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BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
EE 401

Lecture       : 3                                                                                                            Year     :  I
Tutorial     : 1                                                                                                            Part      :  I/II
Practical    : 3/2

Course Objectives:            After completion of this course the student will understand the fundamental concept of DC, AC & 3-phase electrical circuits.

1.       General Electric System                                                                                                                                         (6 hours)
1.1.     Constituent parts of an electrical system (source, load, communication & control)
1.2.     Current flow in a circuit
1.3.     Electromotive force and potential difference
1.4.     Electrical units
1.5.     Ohm’s law
1.6.     Resistors, resistivity
1.7.     Temperature rise & temperature coefficient of resistance
1.8.     Voltage & current sources

2.       DC circuits                                                                                                                                                                  (4 hours)
2.1.     Series circuits
2.2.     Parallel networks
2.3.     Krichhhof’s laws
2.4.     Power and energy

3.       Network Theorems                                                                                                                                                (12 hours)
3.1.     Application of Krichhof’s laws in network solution
3.1.1.    Nodal Analysis
3.1.2.    Mesh analysis
3.2.     Star-delta & delta-star  transformation
3.3.     Superposition theorem
3.4.     Thevninn’s theorem
3.5.     Nortan’s  theorem
3.6.     Maximum power transfer  theorem
3.7.     Reciprocity theorem

4.       Inductance & Capacitance in electric circuits                                                                                                  (4 hours)
4.1.     General concept of capacitance
4.1.1.    Charge & voltage
4.1.2.    Capacitors in series and parallel
4.2.     General concept of inductance
4.2.1.    Inductive & non-inductive circuits
4.2.2.    Inductance in series & parallel

5.       Alternating Quantities                                                                                                                                            (2 hours)
5.1.     AC systems
5.2.     Wave form, terms & definitions
5.3.     Average and  rms values of current & voltage
5.4.     Phasor representation

6.       Single-phase AC Circuits                                                                                                                                       (6 hours)
6.1.     AC  in resistive circuits
6.2.     Current & voltage in an inductive circuits
6.3.     Current and voltage in an capacitive circuits
6.4.     Concept of complex impedance and admittance
6.5.     AC series and parallel circuit
6.6.     RL, RC and RLC circuit analysis & phasor representation

7.       Power in AC Circuits                                                                                                                                              (4 hours)
7.1.     Power in resistive circuits
7.2.     Power in inductive and capacitive circuits
7.3.     Power in circuit with resistance and reactance
7.4.     Active and reactive power
7.5.     Power factor, its practical importance
7.6.     Improvement of power factor
7.7.     Measurement of power in a single-phase AC circuits

8.       Three-Phase Circuit Analysis                                                                                                                               (6 hours)
8.1.     Basic concept & advantage of Three-phase circuit
8.2.     Phasor representation of star & delta connection
8.3.     Phase and line quantities
8.4.     Voltage & current computation in 3-phase balance & unbalance circuits
8.5.     Real and reactive power computation
8.6.     Measurements of power  &  power factor in 3-phase system
Laboratory works:
1.       Measurement of Voltage, current& power in DC circuit
Verification of Ohm’s Law
Temperature effects in Resistance
2.       Krichoff’s Voltage & current Law
Evaluate power from V & I
Note loading effects of meter
3.       Measurement amplitude, frequency and time with oscilloscope
Calculate & verify average and rms value
Examine phase relation in RL & RC circuit
4.       Measurements of alternating quantities
R, RL,RC circuits with AC excitation
AC power, power factor, VARs, phasor diagrams
5.       Three-phase AC circuits
Measure currents and voltages in three-phase balanced AC circuits
Prove Y-∆ transformation
Exercise on phasor diagrams for  three-phase circuits
6.       Measurement of Voltage, current& power in a three-phase circuit
Two-wattmeter method of power measurement in R, RL and RC three phase circuits
Watts ratio curve
References:
1.       J.R Cogdell, “ Foundations of Electrical Engineering”, printice Hall, Englewood Chiffs, New Jersy, 1990.
2.       I.M Smith,” Haughes Electrical Technology”, Addison-Wesley, ISR Rprint,2000

Evaluation Scheme
The questions will cover all the chapters in the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below:
Chapter
Hours
Marks Distribution*
1.          
6
10
2.          
4
5
3.          
12
25
4.          
4
5
5.          
2
15
6.          
6
7.          
4
10
8.          
6
10

* There may be minor deviation in marks distribution.
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ENGINEERING PHYSICS
SH 402

Theory       : 4                                                                                                            Year     : I       
Tutorial     : 1                                                                                                            Part      : I/II  
Practical    : 2

Course objectives:          To provide the concept and knowledge of physics with the emphasis of present day application. The background of physics corresponding to Proficiency Certificate Level is assumed.

1.       Oscillation:                                                                                                                   (7 hours)
1.1.     Mechanical Oscillation: Introduction
1.2.     Free oscillation
1.3.     Damped oscillation
1.4.     forced mechanical oscillation
1.5.     EM Oscillation: Free, damped and Forced electromagnetic oscillation

2.       Wave motion                                                                                                                (2 hours)  
2.1.     Waves and particles,
2.2.     Progressive wave,
2.3.     Energy, power and intensity of progressive wave

3.       Acoustics                                                                                                                       (3 hours)
3.1.     Reverberation,
3.2.     Sabine' Law
3.3.     ultrasound and its applications

4.       Physical Optics                                                                                                          (12 hours)
4.1.     Interference,
4.1.1.  Intensity in double slit interference,
4.1.2.  Interference in thin films,
4.1.3.  Newton's rings,
4.1.4.  Hadinger fringes      
                                                                                                                 
4.2.     Diffraction,
4.2.1.  Fresnel and Fraunhoffer’s diffraction,
4.2.2.  intensity due to a single slit; 
4.2.3.  diffraction grating,
4.2.4.  x-ray diffraction, x-ray for material test
                                                                                               
4.3.     Polarization,
4.3.1.  double refraction,
4.3.2.  Nichol prism, wave plates,
4.3.3.  optical activity, specific  rotation                                                                                        
                                                                                               
5.       Geometrical Optics                                                                                                    (3 hours)
5.1.     Lenses, combination of lenses,
5.2.     cardinal points,
5.3.     chromatic aberration

6.       Laser and Fiber Optics                                                                                             (4 hours)
6.1.     Laser production,
6.1.1.  He-Ne laser,
6.1.2.  Uses of laser

6.2.     Fiber Optics,
6.2.1.  self focusing,
6.2.2.  applications of optical fiber

7.       Electrostatics                                                                                                                (8 hours)
7.1.     Electric charge and force,
7.2.     electric field and potential,
7.3.     electrostatic potential energy,
7.4.     capacitors, capacitor with dielectric,
7.5.     charging and discharging of a capacitor

8.       Electromagnetism                                                                                                    (11 hours)
8.1.     Direct current: Electric current,
8.1.1.  Ohm's law, resistance and resistivity,
8.1.2.  semiconductor and superconductor

8.2.     Magnetic fields:
8.2.1.  Magnetic force and Torque,
8.2.2.  Hall effect,
8.2.3.  cyclotron, synchrotron,
8.2.4.  Biot-savart law, 
8.2.5.  Ampere’s circuit law; magnetic fields straight conductors,
8.2.6.  Faraday’s laws, Induction and energy transformation, induced field,
8.2.7.  LR circuit, induced magnetic field,
8.2.8.  displacement current

9.       Electromagnetic waves                                                                                              (5 hours)
9.1.     Maxwell’s equations,
9.2.     wave equations, speed,
9.3.     E and B fields,
9.4.     continuity equation,
9.5.     energy transfer

10.    Photon and matter waves                                                                                         (5 hours)
10.1. Quantization of energy;
10.2. electrons and matter waves;
10.3. Schrodinger wave equation; 
10.4. probability distribution;
10.5. one dimensional potential well;
10.6. uncertainty principle;
10.7. barrier tunneling

References:
Fundamentals of Physics: Halliday, Resnick, Walker (Latest Edition)
A text book of Optics: Brij Lal and Subrahmanyam (Latest edition)
Modern Engineering Physics: A. S. Basudeva
Engineering Physics: R. K. Gaur and S. L. Gupta
Waves and Oscillation: Brij Lal and Subrahmanyam

Evaluation Scheme:
There will be questions covering all the chapters in the syllabus. The evaluation scheme for the question will be as indicated in the table below:
Chapter
Hours
Mark distribution*
1.        
7
10
2.        
5
5
3.        
12
15
4.        
3
5
5.        
4
5
6.        
19
30
7.        
5
5
8.        
5
5
Total
60
80
* There may be minor deviation in mark distribution.
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