BIO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
AE …
Lecture : 3 Year : IV
Tutorial : 1 Part : I
Practical : 1.5
Course Objective:
The primary objective of this
course is to introduce bio-energy sources and their conversion methods used for
the fulfillment of requirement of energy in Agricultural Engineering activities
in rural areas. Secondly the course emphasizes in design and development of
such rural technologies that converts rural bio-energy sources into usable form
and supply it to operate tools, equipments and machineries used in agricultural
works.
1.
Bio-mass Energy [4
hours]
1.1. Introduction to bio-mass energy
1.2.
Characteristics of Bio-energy Resource
1.3. Classification of Bio-energy
Resource
1.3.1. Woody Biomass, Noon-woody, Solid
bio-mass
1.3.2. Animal and Human Bio-Wastes,
Bio-Degradable Materials, Animal and Human Energy
1.4. Bio-energy Availability and
Estimation:
1.4.1. Estimation of Wood fuel
Availability
1.4.2. Estimation of Agricultural
residues
1.4.3. Estimation of Animal and human
Bio-wastes
1.4.4. Estimation and Availability of
Animal and Human Energy
2.
Bio-mass Energy
Conversion [5
hours]
2.1. Physical Conversion- Drying,
Pulverization, densification
2.2. Chemical Conversion- Acid
Hydrolysis, fermentation, Distillation
2.3. Bio-chemical Conversion-
Anaerobic Digestion, Ethanol-Fermentation,
2.3.1. Vermin-composting
2.4. Thermo-chemical Conversion -
Combustion, Pyrolysis, Gasification, Liquefaction
3.
Wood Energy
Technology [8
hours]
3.1. Properties of fuel Wood
3.1.1. Physical Properties
3.1.2. Chemical Properties
3.1.3. Thermal Properties and Thermal
behavior of fuel wood
3.2. Wood Energy Conversion Process:
3.2.1. Thermo- chemical conversion
pathways
3.2.2. Thermal behavior of fuel
wood-heat release and moisture content
3.2.3. Heat release rate and air flow,
heat releases rate and feed rate
3.3. Wood stove
3.3.1. Parameters controlling
performance of wood stove
3.3.2. Design consideration for fuel
electric cook stoves
3.3.3. Performance of improve cook stove
program in Nepal
4.
Bio- gas
Technology [8
hours]
4.1. Anaerobic digestion process
4.1.1. Bio- chemical process in
anaerobic digestion
4.1.2. Stage of anaerobic digestion
process
4.1.3. Factors affecting microbial
activities
4.1.4. Optimal environment or anaerobic
digestion
4.2. Consideration in bio-gas plant
design
4.2.1. Types of anaerobic digestion
4.2.2. Site selection
4.2.3. Size of bio-gas plant
4.2.4. Construction of bio-gas plant.
4.3. Bio-gas plants for cold climate
4.3.1. Treatment of bio-gas plants for
cold climate
4.3.2. High altitude bio-gas reactor
4.3.3. Integrated bio-gas systems
5.
Bio-mass
Gasification Technology [8
hours]
5.1. Principle of Bio-mass
gasification
5.1.1. Process and pathway
5.1.2. Operating parameters
5.1.3. Effects of feedstock on
gasification process
5.1.4. Constituents of producer gas
5.2. Types of bio-mass gasification
5.2.1. Updraft gas producer
5.2.2. Downdraft gas producer
5.2.3. Cross flow gas producer
5.2.4. Twin fire gas producer
5.2.5. Comparison of performance of
gasifiers
5.3. Producer gas drive engine
5.3.1. Conditioning gas producer
5.3.2. Conversion of gasoline and diesel
engine to produce gas
5.3.3. Performance of gasifiers engine
system
6.
Bio-diesel [8
hours]
6.1. Oil producing plant of Nepal
6.2. Chemical properties of vegetable
oils
6.3. Oil extraction and processing
technology
6.3.1. Mechanical extraction
6.3.2. Moisture removal
6.3.3. Solvent extraction
6.3.4. Oil refinement techniques
6.4. Application of bio-diesel
6.4.1. Forms of bio-diesels
6.4.2. Problem due to thermal
instability
6.4.3. Application of IC engines
6.4.4. Power speed relationship of IC
engines with bio-diesel
7.
Animals and
Human Energy [4
hours]
7.1. Characteristics of animal and
human energy
7.1.1. Contribution of animal and human
energy
7.1.2. Estimation of animal and human
energy
7.2. Bio-mechanics of animal and human
energy conversion
7.2.1. Bio-mechanics of animal power
harnessing system
7.2.2. Bio-mechanics of human power
harnessing
Practical:
1.
Evaluation of energy
value of wood fuel for different plant species
2.
Comparison of energy
values of fuel wood, agriculture residues, bio-briquettes and other bio-fuels
3.
Comparison of
performance of different types of fuel stoves
4.
Vegetable oil extraction
by solvent distillation process
5.
Evaluation of
physic-chemical properties of bio-diesel
6.
Design calculation for
cattle dung based bio-gas reactor
7.
Biomass gasification
design calculation
References:
1. K. M.
Mittal. Biomass Systems: Principle and Applications. New Age International Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi (Latest Edition)
2. B. T.
Nijaguna. Biogas Technology. New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (Latest Edition)
3. Journals
and Publications of American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers
(ASABE) on Biogas Technology
4. FAO
Journals on Biomass Combustion Technologies.
5. FAO
Journals on Energy Conversion and Renewable Energy for Greenhouse Heating
6.
ASTM and ISI Standards
Evaluation Scheme:
The
questions will cover all the chapters in the Syllabus. The evaluation scheme
will be as indicated in the table below.
|
Chapter
|
Hour
|
Marks
Distribution*
|
|
1
|
4
|
15
|
|
2
|
5
|
|
|
3
|
8
|
15
|
|
4
|
8
|
15
|
|
5
|
8
|
15
|
|
6
|
8
|
15
|
|
7
|
4
|
5
|
|
Total
|
45
|
80
|
*There
may be minor variation in marks distribution.
Source:-Department of Agricultural Engineering
Post A Comment:
0 comments so far,add yours
We value your comments. Let us know your thoughts below!