SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERING
AE 652
Lecture : 3 Year : III
Tutorial : 0 Part : II
Practical : 2
1. Introduction [2 hours]
1.1. Importance of Soil
and Its Conservation
1.2. On-site and
Off-site Consequences of Soil Erosion
1.3. Socio-Economic
Effects of Soil Erosion in Nepal
1.4. Role of
Agricultural Engineering in Soil Conservation and Watershed Management
2. Mechanics of Soil
Erosion by Water [5 hours]
2.1. Water Erosion Types
and Factors Affecting
2.2. Characteristics of
Raindrop and Rainfall Erosivity
2.3. Mechanism and
Assessment of Raindrop Splash
2.4. Mechanics of Sheet
and Rill Erosion
2.5. Gully Erosion
Mechanism, Types and Stages
2.6. Stream-Bank Erosion
3. Wind Erosion [2 hours]
3.1. Factors Causing
Wind Erosion
3.2. Mechanics of Soil
Movement due to Wind
3.3. Estimation and
Prediction of Wind Erosion Rates
3.4. Wind Erosion
Control
4. Landslide, Landslip
and Mass Wasting [2 hours]
5. Soil Loss
Estimation and Monitoring [3 hours]
5.1. Simple Visual Methods
for Identifying Signs of Erosion
5.2. Universal Soil Loss
Equation (USLE):
5.2.1. Parameters of USLE
5.2.2. Limitations of USLE
and its Applicability in Nepal
5.2.3. Modified USLE
5.3. Soil Erosion
Monitoring:
5.3.1. Sedimentation Survey
5.3.2. Paired Catchment Studies
5.3.3. Run-Off and Erosion Plots
6. Soil Erosion
Control and Control Measures [3 hours]
6.1. Principle of Soil
Erosion Control
6.2. Land
Classification and Evaluation of Erosion Sensitivity
6.3. Biological and
Cultural Measures: [3 hours]
6.3.1. Tillage and Crop
Rotation
6.3.2. Contouring
6.3.3. Strip Cropping
6.3.4. Mulching
6.3.5. Plantation and
Seeding: Wattling, Bolstors, Jute Netting
6.3.6. Controlled Grazing
6.3.7. Manuring and
Fertilization
6.3.8. Sloping Land
Agricultural Technology (SALT)
6.4. Mechanical
Measures: [6 hours]
6.4.1.
Terracing:
6.4.1.1. Types of Terraces
6.4.1.2. Design of Broad
Base and Bench Terraces
6.4.1.3. Maintenance of
Terrace System
6.4.2. Bunding:
6.4.2.1. Types of Bunds for
Soil Conservation
6.4.2.2. Design of Contour
Bunds
6.4.3. Waterways: [2
hours]2
6.4.3.1. Purpose of
Waterways
6.4.3.2. Design of Vegetated
Waterways
6.5. Structural
Measures: [10 hours]
6.5.1. Check Dams:
6.5.1.1. Purpose and Types
of Check Dams
6.5.1.2. Design and
Construction of Check Dams
6.5.1.3. Stability Analysis
of Check Dams
6.5.2. Gully Control
Structures:
6.5.2.1. Processes, Stages
and Growth of Gully
6.5.2.2. Gully Plugging
6.5.2.3. Design and
Construction of Drop Spillway
6.5.2.4. Design and
Construction of Chute Spillway
6.5.2.5. Design and
Construction of Drop-Inlet Spillway
6.5.3. Stream-Bank Erosion
Control Structures:
6.5.3.1. Types of Embankment
6.5.3.2. Design and
Construction of Embankments
6.5.3.3. Types of Spurs,
Jetties and Groyens
6.5.3.4. Design of Spurs and
Groyens
6.5.4. Roadside Erosion
Control Structures:
6.6. Soil Conservation
in Hilly Areas [2 hours]
7. Water Conservation
and Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas [3 hours]
7.1. Problems of Soil
and Water Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
7.2. Methods of Soil
Moisture Management
7.3. Systems of Water
Harvesting and Recycling
7.4. Design of Farm
Ponds and Conservation Ponds
8. Watershed
Management [2 hours]
8.1. Concept of
Watershed Management
8.2. Watershed
Management Planning
8.3. Objectives of
Integrated Watershed Management
8.4. Sub-Watershed and
Micro-Watershed Prioritization
9. Institutional
Arrangement for Soil Conservation and [2 hours]
9.1. Watershed
Management in Nepal:
9.2. Organizational
Structure
9.3. Legislation and
Legal Provisions:
9.3.1. Land Tenure
9.3.2. Water Laws in Nepal
9.3.3. Soil and Watershed
Conservation Act, 1982
9.3.4. Soil and Watershed
Conservation Regulation, 1985
9.3.5. Regulations Related
to Protected Areas
9.4. Programs and
Strategies
S.N.
|
Practicals
|
Periods
|
1
|
Calculation
of Rainfall Erosivity Index
|
2
|
2
|
Use
of Weismeir's Nomograph for Soil Erodibility Estimation
|
2
|
3
|
Use
of USLE for Calculation of Soil Loss
|
2
|
4
|
Design
of Vegetated Waterways
|
3
|
5
|
Design
Problem Solving on Bench and Broad Base Terraces
|
3
|
6
|
Design
Problem Solving on Contour and Graded Bunds
|
3
|
7
|
Design
Problem Solving on Check Dams
|
3
|
8
|
Design
of Farm Ponds
|
2
|
9
|
Field
Observation of Check Dams and Other Soil Conservation Structures
|
2
|
10
|
Field
Observation on Bio-Engineering Practices of Soil Conservation
|
2
|
Total
|
24
|
Field
Visit to a Watershed Management Site
References:
i.
Soil
and Water Conservation Engineering by G.O. Schwab, K.K. Barnes, R.K. Frevert
and T.W. Edminster. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
ii.
Soil
and Water Conservation by Norman Hudson, B.T. Batsford Limited, London.
iii. Land and Water
Management Engineering by V.V.N. Murty. Kalyani Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
iv. Introduction to
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering by B.C. Mal. Kalyani Publishers, Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
v.
Manual
on Soil and Water Conservation Practice in India by G. Singh. Central Soil and
Water Conservation, Research and Training Institute, Dehradun.
vi. Design of Small
Dams. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi
vii. Guidelines for
Watershed Management. FAO Watershed Management Field Manual No. FAO, Rome.
viii. Vegetated and Soil
Treatment Measures. FAO Watershed Management Field Manual No. 13/1. FAO, Rome.
ix. Laboratory manual
of soil and water conservation. AK shukla, TB khatri, KM Pandit, IAAS, Rampur.
Evaluation Scheme
The
questions will cover the entire chapter of the syllabus. The evaluation scheme
will be as indicated in the table below:
Chapter
|
Period
|
Marks Distribution*
|
1
|
2
|
4
|
2
|
5
|
8
|
3
|
2
|
4
|
4
|
2
|
4
|
5
|
3
|
4
|
6
|
||
6.1
|
1
|
8
|
6.2
|
2
|
|
6.3
|
3
|
4
|
6.4
|
6
|
12
|
6.5
|
10
|
16
|
6.6
|
2
|
4
|
7
|
3
|
4
|
8
|
2
|
4
|
9
|
2
|
4
|
Total
|
45
|
80
|
*There
may be minor variations in marks distribution.
Ø
The
questions setting should be in the multiplication of either 8 or 10.
source:- Department of Agricultural Engineering
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