IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
AE 655
Lectures : 3 Year : III
Tutorials : 1 Part : II
Practical : 2
Course Objective:
To orient and familiarize the students in
theory, technological development and current practices in problems solving in
the area of irrigation and drainage engineering that covers on-farm and
off-farm irrigation and drainage system.
1. Introduction: [2 hours]
1.1 Definition, Need
and Objectives of Irrigation
1.2 Advantages and
disadvantages of irrigation
1.3 Significance of
irrigation development in Nepal
1.4 Optimum utilization
of irrigation water
1.5 Status of
irrigation development in Nepal
2. Soil-Water-Plant
relationships to irrigation: [5 hours]
2.1 Soil composition
2.1.1 Texture of mineral
soils
2.1.2 Structure of soil
2.1.3 Behaviour of
moisture in the soil
2.2 Classification of
soil moisture
2.3 Characteristic
behaviour of soil composition with moisture
2.4 Evaluation of water
available to plant- How much to irrigate
2.5 Extraction pattern
of soil-water by plant root
2.6 Critical crop
growth stages
2.7 Reference Crop
Water Requirement
2.7.1 Consumptive use of
crop and evapotranspiration
2.7.2 Evapotranspiration
estimates using empirical methods
2.7.3 Experimental
evaluation of evapotranspiration using Lysimeter
2.8 Field crop water
requirement
2.9 Principle Crops in
Nepal, their Calendar and gross Water Requirements
3. Farm Irrigation
Practices [5 hours]
3.1 Methods of
irrigation practice
3.2 Check basin
irrigation
3.3 Hydraulic
relationship of boarder-strip irrigation
3.4 Hydraulic
relationship of furrow irrigation
3.5 Overhead irrigation
and drip irrigation system-components
3.6 Sub Irrigation System
3.7 Performance of Farm
Irrigation Methods-a comparison
4. Farm Irrigation
Scheduling: [3 hours]
4.1 Objectives and
Strategies- Full Vs. Deficit Irrigation
4.2 Method of
scheduling- when and how much to irrigation
4.2.1 Book-keeping/water
budgeting
4.2.2 Soil moisture
4.2.3 Plant indicator
4.3 Types of water
losses on farm
4.4 Farm irrigation
requirement- depth of irrigation
4.4.1 Paddy crop
4.4.2 Dry foot crop
4.5 Frequency/Interval
of irrigation
4.6 Determination of
Stream Size
4.7 Planning Farm
Irrigation Delivery based on- continuous, rotational, demand supply
5. Water Conveyance
and Distribution System [3 hours]
5.1 Classification of
Canals by Function and Types
5.2 Canal irrigation
system and its components
5.3 Alignments of Canal
5.4 Seepage and
Evaporation losses in Canal
5.5 Canal Command Area-
GCA, CCA, NCA
5.6 Crop period, Base
Perod, Kor Period and Kor Depth
5.7 Duty of water,
Delta of crops and their relationships
5.8 Irrigation
intensities
6. Design of Open
Channels for irrigation [5 hours]
6.1 Manning's Uniform
Flow Equation for Canal Design
6.2 Kennedy's and
Lacy's Silt Theory
6.3 Design of Stable
Canals in Alluvium
6.4 Lined Canals
classification and Economics of Canal Lining
6.5 Design of Lined
Canals
6.6 Design
Considerations for Hilly Areas
6.7 Cross-Section of
Canals- banks, berms, roadways and spoil banks
7. Irrigation
Efficiencies [2 hours]
7.1 Farm Irrigation
Efficiency and its components
7.2 Canal irrigation
efficiency and its components
7.3 Project Efficiency
8. Measurement of
Irrigation Water [3 hours]
8.1 Velocity Area
Method
8.2 Direct Discharge
Measurement:
Notches
Parshall
Flume
H-Flume
Cut-throat
Flume
8.3 Volumetric Flow
Measurement
9. Control and
regulatory Structures [4 hours]
9.1 Types, functions
and components of gravity Headwork
9.2 Bed Sediment
Control at Headwork- types of silt excluder and silt ejector
9.3 Cross-Drainage
Structures- types, conditions of suitability and design
9.4 Drop Structures-
conditions of suitability and design
9.5 Flow Regulation and
Head Control Structures- types, conditions of suitability and design
9.6 Canal Outlet and
Distribution Structures
10. Drainage Theory and
Methods of Agricultural Drainage [3 hours]
10.1 Sources and Causes
of Water logging
10.2 Damage to Crops by
High Moisture
10.3 Drainage
Requirement of Crops
10.4 Drainage
Investigation
10.5 Hydraulic
Conductivity and Drainage Coefficient
10.6 Drainage Methods
and Suitability- Surface, Sub-Surface and Bio-Drainage
11. Design of
Agricultural Drainage System [4 hours]
11.1 Design
Consideration for Surface Drainage Systems
11.2 Layout and
Construction of Surface Drainage
11.3 Design
Consideration for Sub-Surface Drainage
11.4 Unlined and Lined
Sub-Surface Drainage
11.5 Mole Drains
11.6 Design of Filters
for Sub-Surface Drainage
11.7 Vertical Drainage
and Skimming Wells
12. Irrigation Water
Quality [1 hours]
12.1 Water Quality
Consideration in Irrigation
12.2 Appraising
Irrigation Water Quality- using indicators
13. Planning and
Management of Irrigation Systems [3 hours]
13.1 General Irrigation
system planning
13.2 Management
Functions in Irrigation Systems
13.3 Operation and
Maintenance of Irrigation Systems
13.4 Organizational and
Institutional Issues in Irrigation Management
13.5 Participatory
Irrigation Management including FMIS
14. Irrigation Policy [1 hours]
14.1 Introduction to
irrigation act and regulation
14.2 Water right-
uphoff’s matrix on irrigation management
Tutorials
Tutorial Classes for Design of Irrigation
& drainage structure
Practical
|
S.N.
|
Laboratories
|
Perioeds
|
|
1
|
Estimation
of Crop Evapotranspiration Using Empirical Methods
|
2
|
|
2
|
Field
evaluation of Crop Evapotranspiration using Lysimeter
|
2
|
|
3
|
Measurement
of Irrigation Water Using Flow Measuring Structures: Notches, Parshall Flume,
H-Flume, Cut-throat Flume
|
3
|
|
4
|
Determination
of Water Conveyance Efficiency in Unlined and Lined Channels
|
2
|
|
5
|
Field
Evaluation of Check Basin Irrigation
|
2
|
|
6
|
Field
Evaluation of Border-Strip Irrigation
|
3
|
|
7
|
Field
Evaluation of Sprinkler Irrigation
|
2
|
|
8
|
Field
Evaluation of Drip Irrigation
|
2
|
|
9
|
Design
of Open Channels
|
2
|
|
10
|
Determination
of Hydraulic Conductivity in the Field and Laboratory for Drainage
Investigation
|
4
|
|
11
|
Determination
of Drainage Coefficient from Daily Rainfall Data
|
2
|
|
Total
|
26
| |
References
i.
Michael,
A.M. Irrigation Theory and Practice. Vikash Publishing House, New Delhi.
ii.
Irrigation
Principles and Practices by O.W. Israelson and V.E. Hensen. John Wiley &
Sons.
iii. L.G. James Farm
Irrigation System Design. John Wiley & Sons, New York
iv. Reddi, T. Yellamanda & Reddi, G.H. Sankara. Efficient Use of
Irrigation Water (1995) – 8 copies
v.
R.
Lal. Irrigation Hydraulics.
vi. S.K. Garg.
Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structures. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
vii. J.N. Luthin.
Drainage Engineering. Wiley Eastern Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
viii. International
Course on Land Drainage. Drainage Principles and Applications, Vol. I to IV.
International Land Reclamation Institute (ILRI), Wakhningen, the Netherlands.
ix. Walker, W.R. and
G.V. Skogerboe. Surface Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall Inc. USA
x.
Melvyn
Kay, Cranfield Press, Surface Irrigation systems and practice
xi. D. Laat, UNESCO-IHE
Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands, Crop-Water-Plant
Relationships
xii. Bruce Withers and
Stanley Vipond, B T Batsford Limited, London, WiHoAH, Irrigation: Design and
Practice
xiii. Herman J Finkel,
CRC Press Inc, Florida, CRC Handbook of Irrigation Technology Volume-I
Evaluation Scheme
The
questions will cover the entire chapter of the syllabus. The evaluation scheme
will be as indicated in the table below:
|
Chapter
|
Hours
|
Marks Distribution*
|
|
1
|
2
|
4
|
|
2
|
5
|
10
|
|
3
|
5
|
10
|
|
4
|
3
|
4
|
|
5
|
3
|
4
|
|
6
|
5
|
10
|
|
7
|
2
|
4
|
|
8
|
3
|
5
|
|
9
|
4
|
8
|
|
10
|
3
|
5
|
|
11
|
5
|
8
|
|
12
|
1
|
8
|
|
13
|
3
|
|
|
14
|
1
|
|
|
Total
|
45
|
80
|
*There
may be minor variation in marks distribution.
Ø
The
questions setting should be in the multiplication of either 8 or 10.
source:- Department of Agricultural Engineering
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