HYDROLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY
AE 603
Lecture : 3 Year : III
Tutorial : 0 Part : I
Practical : 2
Course Objective:
The objective of this course is to give the students an understanding of the complex interactions between the waters of the land and atmosphere, the science of hydrology, and the role that hydrology plays in agricultural and urban system.
1. Introduction to Hydrology and Hydrologic Cycle [2 hours]
1.1. Hydrology as Science of Water
1.2. Scope and Application to Agricultural Engineering
1.3. Hydrolological Cycle and its Components
1.4. Hydro-meteorological Development in Nepal
2. Agricultural Meteorology [6 hours]
2.1. Definition and its importance in Agricultural Engineering
2.2. Use of meteorological information in agricultural planning and management
2.3. Agro-climatic factors affecting agriculture - radiation, temperature, vapor pressure and wing measuring instruments
2.4. Energy balance at the surface and at different crop canopies
2.5. Evaporation and evapotranspiration
3. Precipitation [6 hours]
3.1. Causes, Occurrence and Forms of Precipitation
3.2. Rainfall Measurement
3.3. Presentation of Rainfall Data
3.4. Test of Consistency of Rainfall Records
3.5. Network Design
3.6. Estimation of Missing Rainfall Data
3.7. Areal Averaging of Rainfall
3.8. Intensity-Duration – Frequency Analysis
3.9. Depth-Area-Duration Curve
3.10. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in Nepal
4. Infiltration and Percolation [3 hours]
4.1. Mechanics of Infiltration and Percolation
4.2. Factors Affecting Infiltration and Percolation
4.3. Infiltration, Infiltration Capacity
4.4. Infiltration Indices
4.5. Measurement of Infiltration and Percolation Rates
4.6. Horton’s Equation
5. Evaporation and evapotranspiration [5 hours]
5.1. Mechanics of Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
5.2. Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration
5.3. Factors Affecting Evaporation and Evapotranspiration
5.4. Estimation of Evaporation and Evapotranspiration by experimental field measurement and by climatic approach including Penman’s Equation
6. Runoff and Stream Flow [5 hours]
6.1. Definition and Components of Runoff
6.2. Factors Affecting Runoff
6.3. Estimation of Runoff
6.4. Rainfall- Runoff Relationship
6.5. Stream Gauging: types and site selection
6.6. Rating Curves
6.7. Stream Flow Measurement using direct and indirect methods
6.8. Use and Calibration of Current Meter
7. Hydrograph Analysis [7 hours]
7.1. Hydrograph: concept and components
7.2. Development and use of stream flow hydrograph
7.3. Unit hydrograph: assumptions, limitation and uses
7.4. Derivation of unit hydrograph
7.5. Derivation of runoff hydrograph using effective rainfall hyetograph
7.6. Synthetic unit hydrograph, instantaneous unit hydrograph and dimensionless unit hydrograph
8. Statistics and Probabilities in Hydrology [6 hours]
8.1. Frequency and Probability Concepts-plotting position formulae
8.2. Frequency Analysis and Recurrence Interval
8.3. Frequency Distribution Functions and their Application: normal, log- normal, gumbel distribution, log Pearson type-III
8.4. Selection of Distribution Type
8.5. Confidence Limits
8.6. Risk, Reliability and Safety Factor
9. Hydrology of Floods [5 hours]]
9.1. Definition, causes and effects of floods
9.2. Estimation of floods peaks for gauged and ungauged catchments
9.3. Flood prediction and design floods
9.4. Flood routing, hydrologic routing
9.5. Flood control measures
Practical:
S.N.
|
Practical
|
Periods
|
1
|
Areal Averaging of Rainfall by Different Methods
|
2
|
2
|
Problems Related to Estimation of Missing Precipitation Data
|
2
|
3
|
Problems Related to Mass Curve Analysis
|
2
|
4
|
Problems Related to Intensity-Duration Analysis and Preparation of Intensity-Duration Curves
|
2
|
5
|
Problems related to DAD curves
|
2
|
6
|
Frequency Analysis of Rainfall and Determination of Return Period
|
3
|
7
|
Measurement of Infiltration and Percolation Rates by Double Ring infiltrometer and Determination of Infiltration Indices
|
2
|
8
|
Estimation of Runoff Using Empirical Methods
|
3
|
9
|
Estimation of runoff using empirical methods
|
2
|
10
|
Hydrograph Analysis and Derivation of Unit Hydrograph
|
3
|
11
|
Use of Current Meter for the Determination of Flow Velocity
|
2
|
12
|
Stream Flow Measurement by Float Method
|
2
|
Total
|
27
| |
One day visit to nearby weather station and report writing
References:
1. Hydrology for Engineers by R. K. Linsley, M. A. Kohler and J. L. H. pulhus. McGraw Hill International Book Company.
2. Applied Hydrology by V. T. Chow, D. R. Midment and L.W. Mays. McGraw-Hill International Edition.
3. Engineering Hydrology by K. Subramanya. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Engineering Hydrology by R. S. Varshney. Nem Chand & Bros. Roorkee.
5. Practical Agricultural Engineering (Vol. I & II) by R. K. Ghosh and S. Swain. Naya Prakashan, Calcutta.
Evaluation Scheme:
The questions will cover the entire chapter of the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below:
Chapter
|
Period
|
Marks Distribution*
|
1
|
2
|
05
|
2
|
6
|
10
|
3
|
6
|
10
|
4
|
3
|
05
|
5
|
5
|
10
|
6
|
5
|
10
|
7
|
7
|
12
|
8
|
6
|
10
|
9
|
5
|
08
|
Total
|
45
|
80
|
*There may be minor variation in marks distribution.
Ø The questions setting should be in the multiplication of either 8 or 10.
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