SURVEYING & LEVELING CE 559
Lecture :
3 Year : II
Tutorial :
0 Part : II
Practical :
4
Course Objective:
In order to develop the sound
knowledge in the surveying field of the students related to BE Agri.
Engineering, this course has been designed.
1.
Introduction
(2 hours)
1.1
History of
surveying
1.2
Classification
of surveying
1.3
Principles
used in surveying
2.
Survey measurements, field and
office work
(4 hours)
2.1
Introduction,
units and system of measurements, Types of measurements, Significant figures,
Rounding of numbers, Scales
2.2
Accuracy and
precision
2.3
Errors in
measurements, sources of errors and types of errors
2.4
General
Planning and Design of Survey
2.4.1
Specification
2.4.2
Collection of existing map, documents, slides
and control points
2.4.3
Selection of
equipments and survey procedure, selection of computational procedures and
method of data presentation
2.5
Care and
handling of instruments, Adjustment of the instruments, Recording of field
notes, Note Books, Data Recording, Other media for data recording, cross
checking, Computational etc.
3.
Linear Distance Measurements (2
hours)
3.1
Distance by
Pacing, Taping, Triangulation, Tacheometry, EDM, Total Station, GPS
3.2
Instruments
and Methods of Measurements
3.3
Tape
correction (Standardization, Tension, Temperature, Sag, Slope)
3.4
Principle of
Electronic Distance Measurement
4.
Vertical Distance Measurements:
Leveling (8 hours)
4.1
Definition,
Requirements of vertical measurements ,
Principles of leveling (Direct/ Spirit leveling, Trigonometric Leveling, Barometric
leveling)
4.2
Leveling
Instruments, Levels (Dumpy, Tilting, Auto, Digital), Leveling staves, Foot
plates, Rod levels
4.3
Temporary
and Permanent adjustment of level (Two peg test and collimation correction)
4.4
Booking and
calculation of reduced level (HI method, Rise/Fall method)
4.5
Classification
of leveling
4.5.1
Fly leveling
4.5.2
Profile
leveling
4.5.3
Cross
sectioning
4.5.4
Reciprocal
leveling
4.6
Curvature
and refraction
4.7
Errors,
Adjustment of level circuit
4.8
Introduction
of grades or slopes in leveling and setting out of grade stakes as per grade
elevation
4.9
Field
problems
5.
Angles and Directions
Measurements
(6 hours)
5.1
Location of
points, Meridians, True meridian, Magnetic meridian, Grid meridian, Angles and
directions, Bearings, Interior angles, Deflection angles, Angle to the right
5.2
Methods of
determining angles and directions
5.3
Magnetic
compass (Prismatic, Surveyor’s and other analogue and digitized compass)
5.4
Magnetic
declination, Local attraction, detection and elimination of local attraction
5.5
Use of
compass
5.6
Theodolites,
Level tubes, Telescope, Graduated circle, Geometry of the theodolites,
Different types of theodolites
5.7
Methods of
measuring horizontal angles by using different types of theodolites
5.8
Measurement
of vertical and zenithal angles.
5.9
Laying of
horizontal angles
5.10
Errors and
corrections
5.11
Field
Problems
6.
Traverse
(8 hours)
6.1
Introduction,
Traverse party, Equipment for traverse party, Purpose of traverse, Types of
traverse and methods of traversing
6.2
Field works
for traversing, traverse field notes
6.3
Traverse
computation for closed traverse and link (closed loop) traverse
6.3.1
Reduction of
reading to angles and balancing of angles
6.3.2
Computation
of bearing and adjustment of bearing
6.3.3
Computation
of latitude and departure
6.3.4
Balancing of
consecutive coordinates
6.3.5
Computation
of independent coordinates and plotting of traverse
6.4
Methods of
determining area: Area by triangles, coordinates, double meridian distances and
latitudes, Simpson’s one third rule, Trapezoidal rule
6.5
Traverse
omitted measurements
6.6
Field
problems
7.
Stadia and Tacheometry
(4 hours)
7.1
Definition,
Principle of stadia tachoemetry
7.2
System of
tacheometric measurements
7.3
Principles
of stadia system, Distance and Elevation for inclined sight with staff
vertical, Determination of multiplying constant and additive constant,
Introduction of subtense bar and self reducing tacheometer
7.4
Accuracy and
precision of tacheometric survey
7.5
Field
problems
8.
Topographic Survey
(4 hours)
8.1
Introduction,
methods of topographic survey, control for topographic survey
8.2
Contours,
Characteristics of contours, Direct and Indirect method for locating contours
8.3
Interpolation
of contours
8.4
Basic field
methods for locating topographic details
9.
Triangulation and Trilateration:
Introduction (1 hour)
10.
Analytical Intersection and
Resection (2
hours)
11.
Introduction of simple circular
curve (1
hour)
12.
Introduction to Global
Positioning System (GPS) (2
hours)
12.1
Principles
of GPS, Components of GPS, accuracy and errors
12.2
Differential
GPS, GPS application, Absolute GPS
13.
Aerial
Photogrammetry: Introduction, application and limitation (1
hour)
Practical:
1.
Horizontal
distance measurement in plane and sloping ground
2.
Two
peg test and fly leveling
3.
Profile
and cross sectioning
4.
Traversing
by using prismatic compass
5.
Traversing
using theodolite
6.
Traverse
computation and plotting
7.
Tacheometric
detailing for topographic survey
8.
Plotting
of topographic map/parcellary map preparation
9.
Demonstration
of GIS software and GPS unit
References:
1.
A Banister and S Raymond - Surveying-
English Language Book Society (ELBS), Latest Edition
2.
Punmia
B.C. - Surveying, Khanna Publication, New Delhi - Latest Edition
3.
R.
Agor – Surveying and Levelling
4.
Basak
N N – Surveying and Levelling
5.
Duggal
S K – Surveying
6.
Roy
S K – Surveying
7.
Saikia
M D – Surveying
Evaluation
Scheme:
The questions will cover all the chapters of
the syllabus. The evaluation scheme will be as indicated in the table below:
|
Chapters
|
Hours
|
Marks distribution*
|
|
1
|
2
|
6
|
|
2
|
4
|
6
|
|
3
|
2
|
6
|
|
4
|
8
|
12
|
|
5
|
6
|
12
|
|
6
|
8
|
14
|
|
7
|
4
|
6
|
|
8
|
4
|
6
|
|
9,10,11
|
4
|
6
|
|
12,13
|
3
|
6
|
|
Total
|
45
|
80
|
*There
may be minor variation in marks distribution
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