In
Tribhuvan University, IOE's syllabus Civil Engineering student and Agricultural
Engineering student are recommended for survey camping in third year first part.
Diploma
civil engineering student & Bachelor civil engineering student under
different university like Kathmandu University, Pokhara university, Purwanchal
University etc in Nepal and different technical board like CTEVT conduct survey
camping for their civil engineering student according to their curriculum.
Now
a day the knowledge of survey camping is basic essential for an Engineer. For
Engineering design, layout preparation, Estimation, map preparation etc as a
whole, during any structure construction basic thing comes in the task is
survey. For the further utilization of the survey camping (out of field), the skill
on different software such as AutoCAD, Civil 3D, Maya, DTM software, Excel etc
are required.
Background, history and essentialities of survey
Surveying has been an essential element in the
development of the human environment since the beginning of recorded history (about 5,000 years ago). It dates back to
antiquity, Heron, a Greek who lived in Alexandria in about the first century
AD, provided the first serious account of surveying techniques. From
then different surveying techniques was developed to use in measuring up and
setting out the relative positions of natural and man-made
features. It is required in the planning and execution of
nearly every form of construction. It’s
most familiar modern uses are in the fields of transport, building and
construction, communications, mapping, and the definition of legal boundaries
for land ownership. The science of surveying has been
developing since the initial stage of human civilization according to their
requirements. The art of surveying preparation of maps has
been practiced from the ancient times and the further advanced until present. In the absence of the map, it is impossible to layout the
alignments of road, canals tunnels, transmission power line and microwave or
television relaying towers and so on. Detailed map of the
sites of engineering projects are necessary for the precision establishment of
sophisticated instruments. Surveying is the first step for
the execution of any project. As the success of any
engineering is based upon the accurate and complete survey work, an engineer
must therefore be thoroughly familiar with the principle and different methods
of surveying and mapping.
As
per American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM), Surveying is the science and art of making all essential measurements
to determine the relative position of points or physical and cultural details
above, on, or beneath the surface of the Earth, and to depict them in a usable
form, or to establish the position of points or details by means of direct or
indirect measurements of distance, direction and elevation. It also includes the art of
establishing points by pre-determined angular and linear
measurements.
Thus,
surveying is an art and science of determining the relative position of points
on, above or beneath the surface of the earth by direct and indirect methods of
angular and linear measurements and representation of these information either
graphically or numerically.
In surveying, all measurements of lengths are
horizontal, or elsewhere are subsequently reduced to horizontal distances. The objective of survey is to prepare plan or map so that it
may represent the area on the horizontal plane. A plan or
map is the horizontal projection of an area and shows only horizontal distances
of the points. Vertical distances between the points are,
however, shown by contour lines, hachure or some other methods.
The
results of surveys are used to map the earth, prepare navigational charts,
establish property boundaries, develop data of land used and natural resource information
etc. Further survey maintains highways, railroads,
buildings, bridges, tunnels, canals, dams and many more. Surveying
is the main roots for the execution of any civil/Agricultural
engineering projects. Before any civil/Agricultural
engineering project, surveying is required for estimate, quality control and is
used for calculation of payment after a project is finished.
For water supply-sanitary system,
irrigation system, highway designing, the relative altitudes are required, which
is ascertained by the process of leveling. The details of
the enclosed area and the ground nature can also be portrayed in the combined
form of a topographic map. Not only this, the whole land
can be surveyed as different areas and can be plotted into a single map, the
main thing is not to violate the basic survey principles viz. working
from whole to part, consistency in work, accuracy required according to scale
and independent check. As a basic part of these
principles, horizontal and vertical controls are fixed prior to the work of
detailing, while surveying large areas. These necessities
are also fulfilled while fixing intersection points for the primary survey on
road. For the survey on river, especially for hydraulic
structure site, the triangulation method is carried over for horizontal control
and fixing control station for further references. In
addition, for vertical control fly leveling is run to form closed circuit.
The main objectives of surveying courses allocated for
Agricultural engineering students like us, is to promote the basic knowledge of
different surveying techniques relevant to Agricultural /civil
engineering works in the professional practice. So, the
completion of all surveying courses including ten-day
survey camp work gave us better enhancement to use all surveying technique
covered in course.
Writing
a good camping report on a survey camping is also taken as the basic but challenging
task for a good surveyor. That report should contain all about the survey, its theory,
data, maps, and graph, figures. For
writing a good report you should review a previous report and you may develop
an idea to write a report.
Here we have provided a complete survey
camping report in the pdf format below, you can download and reviewed it.
And furthermore, here are many
excel sheet for data entry, calculation process. These may be also useful for you,
you can download and use these.
"This
report is based on the work we did on Survey Camp 2074, organized by Survey
Instruction
Committee, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Purwanchal Campus for 2071-BAG batch as per syllabus of Bachelor in Agricultural
Engineering, TU and includes summary of Surveying and its detail (methodology
and calculation).
The
surveying work was done in Sapta Rangi Park and Sardu River Dharan for 10
working days, starting from 21st Baishakh and ending on 30th
Baishakh with field work scheduled from 7 am to 6 pm on each day.
Topographic surveying and Rural road alignment was done in Sapta Rangi
Park . while head work survey and canal alignment survey
was done in Sardu river.
This camp
has helped us to have experience, confidence and knowledge on working real site. Also this camp made us able to work on team. "
Project
Title: Survey Camp
2074
Location: Sapta Rangi Park and Sardu River
Dharan, Sunsari
Duration: 21st
Baishakh to 30th Baishakh 2074
Working
Time: 6 am to 6 pm
Head of Department: Er. Jawed Alam
Group: Group
- Bc
Survey Instruction Committee
Coordinator: Er. Jawed Alam
Field Instructors: Er. Narendra
Dangi
Er. Suman Thapa
Er, Anju Udas
Er. TaraKanta Chaudhary
Er. Durga Dhan Rai
Er. Uttam Kuamar Shrestha
LAB BOY: Mr. Prakash
Giri
GROUP
MEMBERS:
·
Padam Prasad Paudel(071/BAG/27)
·
Rishi Kumar Chaudhary(071/BAG/32)
·
Sanjay Kumar Yadav(071/BAG/37)
·
Seelam Ishar(071/BAG/42)
·
Tsering Sherpa(071/BAG/47)
ORGANIZED
BY:
Department
of Civil/Agricultural Engineering
Purwanchal
campus, Dharan
"About this
survey camping"
The survey camp of 2017 was organized by Purwanchal Campus for the fifth semester Agricultural Engineering
students, 47 in number. The duration of the camp was 10 days from 04/05/2017 to 13/05/2017 . The places in and around the Saptarangi Park, Dharan & Sardu River,
Dharan were chosen for surveying. The report reflects the methodology, observations,
calculations, methods of adjustment of error, main problem faces during work
and their solution, results of all calculations and their assessments with some
comments is presented in a concise form made by the students in the Camp with
the corresponding drawings. The large portion is of course
covered with elements of topographic surveying, and then those of river site
survey and canal alignment survey follows it. The report
is prepared with great efforts and dedications of the students who have devoted
their immense from the very first time of fieldwork till today. The
students are always learning for knowledge and promotions. Therefore,
we feel that this report deserves the excuses and tolerances from the readers
for any errors or blunders present, despite the best efforts. The
work done during the camp duration can be categorized into three main parts:
1. Topographical survey
2.
Rural road alignment
survey
3. Head work survey
4. Canal alignment survey
Download
Report
Excell data layout sheet
Topographical survey and Rural road alignment survey
Head work and Canal
alignment survey
