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Agricultural Engineering for Sustainable Development (AE 101) – Syllabus

Agricultural Engineering for Sustainable Development

This course offers a holistic introduction to the principles and practices that drive sustainable agriculture, from water management and energy use to post-harvest handling and farm machinery. Dive into each module below to see how we’ll explore the farm-to-fork ecosystem and the role of engineering in achieving global sustainability goals.

This course follows the updated 2025 BE Agricultural Engineering syllabus of Tribhuvan University. It is designed for first-year students in the first semester and carries 2 lecture credits and 1 tutorial credit, with no practical component.

Course Objectives

The course is designed to provide comprehensive concepts of sustainable development, agricultural practices, irrigation practices, energy practices, post-harvest practices, soil and water conservation and farm machinery, fostering a holistic approach from farm to fork and the agro-food ecosystem.

Lecture: 2 | Tutorial: 1 | Practical: 0 | Year: 1 | Part: 1

1. Overview of Sustainable Development (6 hours)

  • 1.1 Introduction and importance of sustainable development
  • 1.2 Three pillars of sustainable development
  • 1.3 Evolution from MDG to SDG
  • 1.4 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and indicators (UN SDGs)
  • 1.5 SDG goals’ linkage with agricultural system and interaction
  • 1.6 The role of agricultural engineering in achieving sustainable development goals
  • 1.7 Application of SDGs in the design and implementation of sustainable projects
  • 1.8 Enabling environment for sustainable agricultural systems

2. Sustainable Agricultural Practices (8 hours)

  • 2.1 Overview of sustainable agriculture and associated practices
  • 2.2 Concept of conservation agriculture and precision farming
  • 2.3 Integrated pest management (IPM) in agriculture
  • 2.4 Organic farming practices
  • 2.5 Concept of climate-smart agriculture
  • 2.6 Life cycle assessment of agro-food ecosystem
  • 2.7 Application of LCA to agro-food ecosystems
  • 2.8 Farm-to-fork concept
  • 2.9 Roles of agricultural engineering and associated engineering practices in the farm-to-fork concept
  • 2.10 Concept of permaculture farming

3. Sustainable Irrigation Practices (3 hours)

  • 3.1 Concept of agricultural water management
  • 3.2 Importance of sustainable water management in irrigated agriculture in Nepal
  • 3.3 Efficiencies in irrigation systems from the water management perspective
  • 3.4 Water-saving technologies in irrigated agriculture (drip and sprinkler irrigation)
  • 3.5 Rainwater harvesting and storage for agriculture

4. Sustainable Energy for Agriculture (3 hours)

  • 4.1 Energy use in agriculture processing
  • 4.2 Renewable energy sources for and from agriculture and livestock
  • 4.3 Energy-efficient farming practices in Nepal

5. Sustainable Soil and Water Conservation Practices (4 hours)

  • 5.1 Concept of integrated watershed management plan
  • 5.2 Agroforestry and soil conservation practices for watershed sustainability
  • 5.3 Soil erosion and conservation measures in practice
  • 5.4 Low-cost watershed management practices for sustainable agriculture
  • 5.5 Concept of land use plan and importance of land use planning
  • 5.6 Concept of land fragmentation and land consolidation and its importance in Nepal

6. Sustainable Farm Machinery (3 hours)

  • 6.1 Farm machinery equipment and sustainable agriculture
  • 6.2 Role of machinery in sustainable agriculture
  • 6.3 Energy-efficient farm equipment and practices in Nepal
  • 6.4 Precision farming equipment

7. Sustainable Post-Harvest Practices (3 hours)

  • 7.1 Post-harvest practices for sustainable agriculture
  • 7.2 Post-harvest losses and their impact
  • 7.3 Solar drying and its application
  • 7.4 Low-cost and eco-friendly storage techniques
  • 7.5 Value chain actors and importance of value chain for sustainability of the agro-food ecosystem in Nepal

Tutorial Topics

  1. Case study of local food sustainability practices, focusing on the three sustainability dimensions
  2. Case study on food sustainability analysis
  3. Group work on quantitative or qualitative analysis of sustainability synergies and trade-offs associated with different food options
  4. Case study of sustainable practice in agriculture
  5. Case study on actors from field to plate (farmers, pre- and post-harvesting processors, value chain actors, etc.)

References

  1. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/frameworks
  2. NPC. Sustainable Development Goals: status and roadmap 2016–2030. National Planning Commission, Nepal, 2017.
  3. TP Ojha and AM Michael. Principles of Agricultural Engineering Volume 1 and Volume 2. 12th Edition. Jain Brothers.
  4. Pradhan, P., Costa, L., Rybski, D., Lucht, W., & Kropp, J. P. (2017). A systematic study of sustainable development goal (SDG) interactions. Earth's Future, 5(11), 1169–1179.
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Here are some studying materials for ENGINEERING PHYSICS SH 402 IOE BE first-year first-semester examination. Please click the given link below to study/download these materials.
Syllabus:-
·    IOE BE First Year Syllabus
·    Syllabus - ENGINEERING PHYSICS SH 402 - for TU IOE All BE first year first semester

Books:-
·    Fundamentals of Physics Extended 9th-HQ-Halliday Sulution manual.pdf  
·    Sharma K.K. Optics.. principles and applications .pdf 

 Lecture Notes:-

·   Lecture note on Engineering Physics by Prajwal Narayan Shrestha

·notes on Physics by S. Shrestha-Electrostics.pdf

·    notes on physics S. Shrestha on magnetism.pdf 
·    notes on physis by s shrestha - electricity and magnetism.pdf
·    schrodinger.pdf 

 Guide book/refresher/exam solution:-

·    Engineering Physics IOE TU Questions solutions 2067 to 2071 by Maha Datta Paudel

·Engineering physics guide book/refresher/exam solution for IOE BE first year.pdf
Please do not forgot to share and leave your in the comment box below.
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WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY
ME 453

Lecture       : 1                                                                                                            Year: I
Practical    : 3                                                                                                            Part: I/II


Course Objective:          The subject aims at imparting knowledge and skill components in the field of basic workshop technology. It deals with different hand and machine tools required for manufacturing simple metal components and articles.
Objectives:
After the completion of the course, the student shall be able to
1.       Practice workshop safety rules effectively
2.       Acquire knowledge and use simple hand tools
3.       Acquire knowledge and use simple measuring and gauging instruments
4.       Operate simple drilling machines for producing small holes
5.       Operate various machine tools for producing simple metal components and articles
6.       Acquire knowledge and practice on foundry, forging and welding


1.       General safety Considerations                                                                                    (2 hours)
1.1.        Bench Tools                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
1.2.        Machinist’s Hammers
1.3.        Screw Drivers
1.4.        Punches
1.5.        Chisels
1.6.        Scrapers
1.7.        Scribers
1.8.        Files
1.9.        Pliers and Cutters
1.10.     Wrenches
1.11.     Hacksaw
1.12.     Bench Vise
1.13.     Hand drill
1.14.     Taps and Dies
1.15.     Hand Shears
1.16.     Rules, Tapes and Squares
1.17.     Soldering Iron
1.18.     Rivets

2.       Hand Working Operations                                                                                          (1 hours)
2.1.        Sawing
2.2.        Filing
2.3.        Threading
2.4.        Scribing
2.5.        Shearing
2.6.        Soldering
2.7.        Riveting

3.       Measuring and Gauging                                                                                                (1hours)        
3.1.        Introduction
3.2                Semi – Precision Tools – Calipers, depth Gauge, Feeler Gauge
3.3          Precision Tools – Micrometers, Vernier Calipers, Vernier Height Gauge, Telescopic Gauge, Hole Gauge, Bevel Protractor, Dial Indicator, Gauge Blocks and Surface Plate

4.       Drills and Drilling Processes                                                                                       (1 hours)
4.1                Introduction
4.2                Types of Drill Presses
4.3                Work Holding Devices and Accessories
4.4                Cutting Tools
4.5                Geometry of Drill Bits
4.6                Grinding of Drill Bits
4.7                Operations – Drilling, Counter - boring, Counter - sinking, Reaming, Honning, Lapping
4.8                Cutting Speeds
4.9                Drilling Safety

5.       Machine Tools                                                                                                                 (4 hours)
5.1.     General Safety Considerations
5.2                Engine Lathes
5.2.1           Introduction
5.2.2           Physical Construction
5.2.3           Types of Lathe
5.2.4           Lathe Operations – Facing, Turning, Threading
5.3                Shapers
5.3.1           Introduction
5.3.2           Types of Shapers
5.3.3           Physical Construction
5.3.4           General Applications
5.4                Milling Machines
5.4.1           Introduction
5.4.2           Types of Milling Machines
5.4.3           Physical Construction
5.4.4           Milling Cutters – Plain, Side, Angle, End, Form
5.4.5           Milling Operations – Plain, Side, Angular, Gang, End, Form, Keyway
5.4.6           Work Holding Devices
5.4.7           Cutter Holding Devices
5.5                Grinding Machines
5.5.1           Abrasives, Bonds, Grinding Wheels
5.5.2           Rough Grinders – Portable Grinders, Bench Grinders, Swing Frame Grinders, Abrasive Belt Grinders
5.5.3           Precision Grinders – Cylindrical Grinders, Surface Grinders

6.       Material Properties                                                                                                        (1 hours)
6.1.        Tool materials – Low, medium and high carbon steels; Hot and cold rolled steels; Alloy steels; Carbide and Ceramic materials
6.2.        Heat treating methods for steels – Annealing, Tempering, Normalizing, Hardening and Quenching
6.3.     Non – ferrous metals – Brass, Bronze, Aluminum – Comparative Properties

7.       Sheet Metal Works                                                                                                         (1 hours)
7.1.        Introduction
7.2.        Sheet Metal Tools
7.3.        Marking and Layout
7.4.        Operations – Bending, Cutting, Rolling

8.       Foundry Practice                                                                                                            (1 hours)
8.1.        Introduction
8.2.        Pattern Making
8.3.        Foundry Tools
8.4.        Core Making
8.5.        Melting Furnace – Cupola
8.6.        Sand Casting Process

9.       Forging Practice                                                                                                             (1 hours)
9.1.        Introduction
9.2.        Forging Tools
9.3.        Operations – Upsetting, Drawing, Cutting, Bending, Punching
9.4.        Forging Presses and Hammers
9.5.        Advantages and Limitations

10.    Metal Joining                                                                                                                   (2 hours)
10.1       Safety Considerations
10.2       Introduction
10.3       Soldering
10.4       Brazing
10.5             Welding – Gas Welding, Arc Welding, Resistance Welding, Tungsten Inert  Gas Welding (TIG), Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG)


Workshop Practice: 3 hours/week; 15 weeks

1.       Bench Tools and hand operations: Measuring, Marking, Layout, Cutting, Filling, Drilling, Tapping, Assembly
2.       Bench Tools and hand operations: (Contd.)
3.       Drilling machines
4.       Measuring and Gauging Instruments
5.       Engine lathe: Basic operations such as Plain turning, facing, cutting off, knurling.
6.       Engine lathe: Taper turning, drilling and boring
7.       Basic Shaper Operations
8.       Milling Machines
9.       Grinding Machines
10.    Sheet Metal works
11.    Foundry Practice
12.    Forging Practice
13.    Electric Arc Welding
14.    Gas Welding

References
1.             “Shop Theory”, J. Anderson and E. E. Tatro, McGraw – Hill, 5th Edition, 1942
2.             “Machine shop operations and setups”, O. D. Lascoe, C. A. Nelson and H. W. Porter, American Technical society, 1973
3.             “Machine shop Practice – Vol. I” , Industrial Press, New York, 1971
4.             “Machine shop Practice – Vol. I” , Industrial Press, New York, 1971
5.             “ Technology of Machine Tools”, Mc Graw Hill – Ryerson, 3rd Edition
6.             “Machinery’s Handbook”, Oberg, Jones and Horton, 23rd Edition, Industrial Press, New York.
7.             “Elements of Workshop Technology - Vol. I ( Manufacturing Processes)” – S. K. Hajra Choudhury and A. K. Hajra Choudhury – Media Promoters and Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , Bombay, INDIA, Tenth Edition, 1993
8.             “Elements of Workshop Technology - Vol. II: (Machine Tools)” – S. K. Hajra Choudhury, S. K. Bose and A. K. Hajra Choudhury – Media Promoters and Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , Bombay, INDIA, Eight Edition, 1988
9.             “A Course in Workshop Technology - Vol. I” – Prof. B. S. Raghuwanshi – Dhanpat Rai and Co. (P) Ltd, Delhi, INDIA, Ninth Edition, 2002
10.          “A Course in Workshop Technology - Vol. II” – Prof. B. S. Raghuwanshi – Dhanpat Rai and Co. (P) Ltd, Delhi, INDIA, Ninth Edition, 2002
11.          “Workshop Technology - Vol. I” – H. S. Bawa – Tata Mc – Graw Hill publishing company Limited, New Delhi, INDIA,
12.          “Workshop Technology - Vol. II” – H. S. Bawa – Tata Mc – Graw Hill publishing company Limited, New Delhi, INDIA,
A text book of Workshop Technology - R. S. Khurmi and J. K. Gupta - S. Chand and Company Ltd, New Delhi. INDIA
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